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Analysis of Changes in Comparative Advantages of the Manufacturing in Vietnam and Comparison with China
Wang, YIjia ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
With the process of Vietnam's reform and opening up, Vietnam's economy has made remarkable achievements. Vietnam's manufacturing industry, taking advantage of the new liberal policies, has also achieved rapid development. Sufficient and cheap labor force, advantageous geographical location, preferential foreign investment policies, and friendly international trade environment with the technological upgrading of manufacturing industry are all the advantages of Vietnam in attracting manufacturing industry. However, there are structural difficulties in the Vietnam's economy. Vietnam's economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and foreign investment, and its trade commodities are mainly assembly and processing with low added value. Compared with China, Vietnam also has obvious disadvantages in the scale of domestic market and supply chain. To some extent, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is integrated into China's supply chain network. Keywords: manufacturing, foreign trade, Vietnam's economy, comparative advantage, supply chain
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Corruption and Rent Seeking in Transition Economies on the Example of the Czech Republic
Bůžková, Tereza ; Rychetník, Luděk (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
This paper analyzes the impact of various factors on the extent of corruption and rent seeking in transition countries. It identifies five main areas of these factors: geographic and historical conditions, institutional framework, economic factors, organization of politics and bureaucracy and socio-cultural effects. All determinants included in these areas are further elaborated in a detailed way. Subsequently causes of corruption and rent seeking in the Czech Republic follow and are illustrated on an empirical dataset provided by the PricewaterhouseCoopers Company. Finally some recommendations of possible bureaucracy reforms and proposals which aim to improve concrete aspects of institutional framework are introduced whose object is a general elimination of corruption activities.
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Economic Integration in North America: Theory and Reality of Rules of Origin
Dotřelová, Anna ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Turnovec, František (referee)
Rules of origin are a somehow overlooked but crucial feature of the free trade areas. Although they eliminate the threat of trade deflection, they may also cause significant increase of the compliance costs, resulting from changes of producers' behavior. In the first part of this work the impact of restrictive rules of origin formulation will be described. In the later part the attention is focused on the rules of origin in the North American Free Trade Area, their specification as well as their impact on trade. We use a new approach of estimation of the compliance costs of the preferential treatment, based on detailed elaboration of the Harmonized Schedule of the United States and de-aggregated import data on HS6 level. Our result suggests that NAFTA's compliance costs are somewhere between 4.6% and 4.9% percent of the goods import value.
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Economic Geography, Regional Policy of the European Union and its Potential for the Czech Republic
Čížek, Libor ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flek, Vladislav (referee)
Deepening of economic integration leads to a fall of transaction costs between regions and consequently affects the economic geography of the whole territory. According to the new economic geography this process can bring alongside a rise in regional inequality, in specialization of regions and in geographic concentration of industries. Taking as a basis the theoretical foundations of this branch of economic theory we first review the empirical evidence on the changing pattern of the economic geography of the european regions. Afterwards we analyze in detail the evolution of the economic geography of Czech regions. First, we find that regional disparities are sharply rising but mainly due to the dynamics of the capital city. Second, we find that the Czech manufacturing sector underwent in the 90's a relatively strong deconcentration and this process was accompanied by a decrease in the specialization of the regional economies. Nowadays both regional specialization as well as concentration of industries are on the whole rather stagnating. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the design of the Cohesion policy in the Czech republic.
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Effect of globalization on gender wage gap in Czech Republic
Singh, Banishwar ; Asavei, Maria Alina (advisor) ; Douarin, Elodie (referee) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
Economic theory provides numerous reasons why globalization might increase or decrease female wages and gender wage gap. Main objective of this study was to study the impact of globalization on gender wage gap in Czech Republic and to understand how different explanatory variables affecting female wages have changed over time. To undertake the research, I considered two different years. First year, 1996, manifested the beginning of globalization in Czech Republic. Second year, 2017, manifested the current peak of globalization. Study utilized two micro datasets, Microcensus 1996, EU-SILC 2017 and sector level macro data. Decomposition of raw gender wage gap was undertaken with Oaxaca Blinder decomposition technique. Results reported that in both the years, female workers had better human capital characteristics and better returns to these characteristics. Therefore, contribution of endowment effect to gender wage gap was negative. Further, foreign direct investment inflows had a positive impact on female wages, but overall, male workers gained more from globalization in both the years. Lastly, female workers were concentrated in those sectors, which received lowest FDI inflows in both the years. This hints towards presence of occupation segregation in Czech economy, which has kept gender wage gap...
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The Trade Economic Relationship and Political Position between America and China
Diao, Yuantong ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bejkovský, Jan (referee)
THE TRADE ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP AND POLITICAL POSITION BETWEEN AMERICA AND CHINA OBCHODNÍ EKONOMICKÝ VZTAH A POLITICKÁ POZICE MEZI AMERIKOU A ČÍNOU Abstract This paper focuses on the asymmetry in Sino-US trade relations. It combines the theory of interdependence and empirical analysis. It analysis the theory based on the two concepts of sensitivity and vulnerability. First of all, this paper reviews the previous definitions and arguments of interdependence. It shows an indicator system for measuring sensitivity and vulnerability. Trade size, trade dependence are the independent variables of symmetry sensitivity. The conception of vulnerability consists of market substitutability, trade structure, and strategic commodities. The study found that Sino-US trade remains in an asymmetrical state in terms of trade in goods. China's sensitivity to Sino-US trade declined, its vulnerability was stable. As a whole, the degree of asymmetry in Sino-US trade in goods has weakened. The dependence on Sino- US trade is deepening. Moreover, it compares with the approach of TiVA. Since the beginning of tariffs conflicts in 2017, I will explain the credit expansion on behalf of the political perspective behind it. Práce se zaměřuje na asymetrii v čínsko-amerických obchodních vztazích. Kombinuje teorii vzájemné závislosti s...
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International Competitiveness and Complementarity of Trade in Services among China, Japan and South Korea
Gao, Aili ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
With the increasing importance of service trade in the economy, the development of service trade among China, Japan and South Korea, as the three largest economies in East Asia, cannot be ignored. This paper mainly analyzes the competitiveness and complementary relationship of service trade between China, Japan and South Korea through RCA and TC index. The degrees of competition between China, Japan and South Korea is not intense since their complementarity is high and stable. With the signing of RCEP, the future liberalization of service market in China, Japan and South Korea will be improved, and China should make full use of the complementarity of service trade with Japan and South Korea to strengthen the exchange and cooperation with Japanese and Korean service enterprises in several industries to promote the development of service trade between China, Japan and South Korea. Keywords ： Services Trade, Complementarity, Competitiveness, China, Japan, South Korea, Regional Economic Cooperation
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COVID-19 and the aviation industry: Economic impacts and policy responses
Hrubý, Martin ; Balcar, Petr (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
Bibliographic note HRUBÝ, Martin. COVID-19 and the Aviation Industry: Economic Impacts and Policy Responses 59p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Institute of Political Studies. Supervisor Ing. Petr Balcar, M.Sc. Abstract This thesis uses a combination of trend analysis and MACBETH/MABAC multiple criteria decision-making methods to assess the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial health of the aviation industry in 2020. It also examines the efficiency of government measures adopted to mitigate such impact by comparing the results with a hypothetical scenario where no government aid was provided in 2020. The findings show that the novel coronavirus pandemic significantly increased the probability of default across the studied airline sample and had a strong negative impact on profitability. Furthermore, the data indicates that government support improved the overall financial fitness of the studied sample and significantly reduced the probability of bankruptcy while having only a minimal effect on airline profitability. We analyze the mechanisms behind the identified trends and provide explanations that indicate room for improvement in future research. Keywords Aviation, Airlines, COVID-19, Government Support, MABAC, MACBETH, Financial Impacts Range of...
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