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Regenerative ability of slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis SM.)
Šerá, Božena
The experiment was focused on clonal development of Slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis Sm.) from small cutting stems without using of stimulative agents. Short stems from four various part of aboveground body were cultivated: main terminal part, secondary terminal part, small nodes, and big nodes. All different vegetative parts were able to produce roots, take roots in soil substrate and in semi-natural meadow, survive winter, and make flower. The species was more successful in company with these meadow plants: Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Achillea millefolium, Plantago lanceolata, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Trifolium repens and Crepis biennis. The best growth was confirmed for both of main and lateral terminal parts. These terminal segments had the greatest number of survived individuals, flowering stem, and weigh of dried parts.
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Different reaction of cultivars poppy seeds after nonthermal plasma treatment
Banulescu, G. ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Šerá, Božena ; Kuchtová, P. ; Šerý, M. ; Špatenka, P. ; Hnatiuc, E.
The influence of low-temperature atmospheric plasma treatment generated between the electrodes (GlidArc) on poppy seed growth was tested. Treatment times were 0 s, 180 s, 300 s, and 600 s. Working gas was air. We monitored germination and initial growth of two cultivars of poppy seeds (Papaver somniferum L., cultivars Major and Orfeus). The values of control measurements (exposure time 0 s) of the tested cultivars were different. Therefore we analysed both cultivars separately with adequate control during the data procesing. A positive influence was found mainly in the lengths of sprouts in cultivar Major (22 %, time 180 s). The number of germinated seeds was not affected by plasma treatment in both cultivars.
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The growth of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP). biomass in salt contaminate soil - a greenhouse experiment
Nováková, Markéta ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Šerá, Božena
Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP.) is not registered on the list of Ellenbergs halophytic plant species. Despite it is a frequent species commonly growing along the roads on salt contaminated soils. The tests in the greenhouse were focused on finding the values of salinity in which Large crabgrass may produce biomass. Standard soil substrate contaminated by salt NaCl in the range from 0.12 % to 1.96 % was used. Tests have shown successful growth of underground and aboveground biomasses of tested plants in soil contaminated by lower concentrations of salt. Some plants despite the loss of biomass at higher concentrations were able to create generative organs with seeds. It was documented that Large crabgrass is a facultative halophyte.
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Effect of various plasma sources on seed growth. Laboratory experimen in Buckwheat
Šerá, Božena ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Čermák, M. ; Gavril, B. ; Hnatiuc, E. ; Kováčik, D. ; Kříha, V. ; Sláma, J. ; Šerý, M. ; Špatenka, P.
Germination and early growth of buckwheat (Fagopyrum aesculentum) after low-temperature plasma discharge treatment in air gas generated in various apparatus were tested. Three pretreatment times were used: 180 s, 300 s and 600 s. Number of germinating achene, length and weight of sprouts were measured. The data was analysed with two-way ANOVA. A significant influence of the type of plasma apparatus, time of exposure and combination of both factors were found. The positive effect on germination and early growth was observed after application of GlidArc plasma. The opposite effect of PDBV apparatus, which is characterized by plasma with a high power density, was observed. Shorter pre-treatment times for this apparatus must be therefore used.
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Molecular simulations unravel preference of haloalkanes for the air/water interface
Habartová, Alena ; Minofar, Babak ; Obisesan, A. ; Roeselová, Martina
Halogenated organics are emitted into the atmosphere from a variety of sources of both natural and anthropogenic origin (Finlayson-Pitts et al., 2000). Their uptake at the surface of aerosols can affect their reactivity, for example in processes which take part in ozone destruction due to production of reactive chlorine, bromine and iodine radicals. This study presents results of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations carried out to investigate the interaction of short-chain haloalkanes with aqueous surfaces. We report on a free energy minimum that the haloalkanes exhibit at the air/water interface.
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Determination of recharge zones by means of vegetation water stress based on remote sensing and ground measurements
Duffková, R. ; Brom, J. ; Žížala, D. ; Zemek, František ; Procházka, J. ; Nováková, E. ; Zajíček, A. ; Kvítek, T.
The watershed recharge zones with high soil permeability are critical source zones of non-point agricultural pollution. Their delimitation is the condition of targeted agricultural management in protection zones of water resources. The accelerated water runoff from permeable soils of recharge zones reduces actual evapotranspiration and supports faster formation of vegetation water stress in comparison with other watershed parts. Recharge zones delimitation upon this theory was carried out on a small watershed (partially drained) by a combination of aerial photography in the infrared and optical spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, which provided a basis for modelling of surface energy balance components and crop water stress index (CWSI). The best indicators of vegetation water stress determined by statistical analyzes in order to define recharge zones (arable land with closed stand) were revealed evaporation fraction, CWSI and surface temperature. The results were supported by detailed pedological survey.
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