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Optimalization of the ELISA method for determination the content of Cry 3Bb1 toxin in the different parts of maize plant by commercial kit
Habuštová, Oxana ; Sehnal, František ; Svobodová, Zdeňka ; Hussein, Hany
This publication provides information on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) that is widely used in biological research, medicine, and industry for quantification of diverse antigene compounds. The major purpose of this book guide is a detail description of the ELISA usage for the monitoring of Cry toxins in the plant tissues of genetically modified crops. The Cry toxins are products of Bacillus thuringiensis genes used in plant transformations to make them resistant against specific insect pests. In our work we use ELISA to compare Cry content in different parts of the genetically modified maize during the growing season. We hope that this guide will simplify usage of ELISA not only for the measurements of Cry toxins but also for the analysis of other compounds present in plants naturally and as a result of transgenosis.
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Accuracy improvement and standardization on the method of mosquito monitoring and procedure for detection of flaviviruses and bunyaviruses
Gelbič, Ivan ; Šebesta, Oldřich ; Růžek, Daniel ; Kilian, Patrik
This publication provides information on the methods of mosquito monitoring and detection of viruses. Capturing of mosquitoes – vectores of many diseases of mans and domestic animals depends on the type of trap and attractant used, another important factor is the height at which the trap is situated. Classical methods for arboviruses detection (suckling mouse brain inoculation, CPE in cell culture, etc.) are laborious and are biased towards viruses that grow well in vitro or in vivo. Thus, these classical methods are not always suitable for large-scale surveillance. PCR-based techniques have been shown to be efficient and sensitive in surveillance for individual virus species. We hope that this guide described methods of monitoring of mosquitoes and detection of viruses by RT-PCR will be helpful for the authority of protection public health. Use of these methods enable optimization of mosquitoes eradication by methods economically advantageous and saving to the nature.
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A myth about the „potent cardiostimulating“ action of insect neuropeptides has been unfounded
Sláma, Karel
Chemists and biochemists isolating or synthesizing insect neuropeptides used to create a myth about “potent cardiostimulating” properties of these peptides. The myth was motivated by a tendency to gain professional importance and scientific merit of their work. Crucial arguments in favour of the idea were obtained by simple, largely nonspecific, in vitro bioassays performed on isolated hearts of cockroaches in saline. These assays gave positive responses to a wide range of low molecular compounds as well as to most peptides tested. Our attempts to solve this problem started by development of new touch-free electrocardiographic methods for monitoring the heartbeat of unrestrained insects. Extensive in vivo recordings revealed that the tentatively “cardioactive” neuropeptides had no cardiostimulating activity under physiological conditions. Intimate similarities appeared between regulation of insect and human hearts. Accordingly, a cardioactive peptide does not exist in human medicine as well. Specific electrocardiographic methods were invented for testing new cardioactive pharmacological preparations on easily available insect material.
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Role of adipokinetic peptides in control of insect anti-stress reactions
Kodrík, Dalibor
Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) control predominantly insect metabolism, but are involved also in a number of other activities. Recently, it was proven that AKHs participated also in the activation of antioxidant protection mechanisms: they increased a level of reduced glutathione and additionally, modulated the activity of catalase that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It has also been found that AKHs participated on antistress reaction elicited by insecticides and increased the lethal effect of the insecticides alone. The results show that AKHs provide an initiation of the complex antistress response that involves both biochemical and physiological protective mechanisms.
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