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The impact of an interventional movement program on the development of muscle flexibility in the hip joint area in young and middle school-aged football players
Slavíková, Anna ; Malíř, Roman (advisor) ; Chrudimský, Jan (referee)
Title: Influence of the interventional exercise program on the flexibility development muscles in the hip joint area in football players of early and middle school age. Objectives: The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of an intervention containing typical gymnastic exercises on hip joint muscles flexibility in football players of early and middle school age. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental, quantitative work. It involved twenty-nine soccer players from different age categories (µ = 9.9, SD = 1.6). The players underwent baseline measurements before participating in a 3-month interventional exercise program, which focused on gymnastic exercises to improve hip joint muscle flexibility through static and dynamic exercises. After 3 months, the players completed outcome measures, which included exercises: side leg lift, extend leg forward, and extend leg backward. The measurement data was obtained using Kinovea. Data analysis methods included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon paired tests, and sensitivity analysis. Results: The paired t-test and Wilcoxon paired test showed us a low p-value of p < 0.001 for all measurements, confirming that the differences in pre-test and post-test for side leg lift, extend leg forward, and extend leg backward are statistically significant. From the paired...
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Late effects of oncolocigal treatment for childhood cancers
Zichová, Andrea ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolenová, Alexandra (referee) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee)
Late effects of oncological treatment for childhood cancers Abstract The study aimed to describe the occurence of subsequent neoplasms and their risk factors at the Departement of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Motol University Hospital, Prague. Moreover, we focused on sporadic renal angiomyolipomas as the most frequent benign subsequent neoplasms. Out of 4,059 survivors treated between 1975 - 2018 for a solid tumor on Departement of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 170 (4.2 % of all survivors) had at least one subsequent malingant neoplasm, 21 of them (0.5 of all survivors) developed more subsequent malignant neoplasms, and 34 (0.8 of all survivors) developed one subsequent malignant neoplasm and at least one subsequent benign neoplasm. Mortality among patients with subsequent malignant neoplasm was 38 %, i.e. 1.6 % of all survivors. The most common subsequent malignant neoplasms was thyroid carcinoma (37; 19.2 %), central nervous system tumors (25; 13 %), and soft tissue sarcomas (23; 11.9 %). 119 (2.9 %) survivors developed only subsequent benign neoplasm. Out of 1,098 survivors who underwent ultrasound examination between 2014 - 2019, 48 (4.4 %) had sporadic renal angiomyolipoma; moreover, 20 of them also had another subsequent neoplasm. The median age at diagnosis was 27.9 years, and the median...
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Distribution of aerosol particles from ship diesel engines
Šmok, Dominik ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee)
3 Abstract Measurements of aerosol particle size distributions in the range 5 nm - 4 µm at 1.5 m above sea level were carried out on board a boat in German waters of the Baltic Sea. The measurements were aimed at characterizing aerosol particles from marine aerosol and from ship diesel engines and their dynamics, i.e. the aging of the exhaust plume in the marine boundary layer. The marine aerosol of PNC5-340 1335-1939 cm-3 is characterized by Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes of CMD 20 and 41-55 nm and 123-159 nm and 1.6 µm, respectively. The ratio of the accumulation to the Aitken mode increases with increasing shipping density. Aerosol particles from diesel engines in exhaust plumes with an age of 2 - 60 s and at a distance of 150 - 600 m from the surveyed ships are characterized by PNC5-340 1-4 -105 cm-3 and CMD 20 nm. The modal size distribution of supermicron particles of Da 1 - 4 µm does not change in the exhaust plume, the total mass of supermicron particles increases only by 1 - 6% compared to the background. The dynamics of the size distributions of aerosol particle numbers is mainly due to the formation, i.e. expansion and dilution, of the plume. However, in the exhaust plume with an age of 6 - 16 s and at a distance of 50 - 150 m, a faster decrease was observed for PNC20 due to the...
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Basic characteristics of sulfide catalysts for the direct decomposition of H2S
Bonnet, Florian ; Kaluža, Luděk
Sulfide catalysts are crucial in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of petroleum fractions, facilitating the hydrogenolysis of carbon-sulfur bonds. This process generates significant volumes of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is typically processed in the Claus unit. However, excess H2S can overwhelm the Claus process, creating both operational and environmental challenges. Researchers are now exploring sulfide catalysts for the direct thermo-catalytic decomposition of H2S to address this issue. Supported catalysts, like Mo/Al2O3, and commercial catalysts, considered typical monolayer-type well-dispersed catalysts, show the highest O2 uptake, ranging from 41.29 μmol/g for MoS2/Al2O3 (KLO) to 58.70 μmol/g for the commercial 715. Unsupported multilayer catalysts, such as Ni/MoWS2 (KKP), exhibit lower O2 uptake at 2.54 μmol/g, though it demonstrates high HDS activity with thiophene. Moreover, O2 uptake effectively describes the sintering of the Mo monolayer phase during the thermocatalytic reaction of H2S at 800°C. These O2 uptakes clearly correlate with the XRD patterns, where the MoS2 phase is X-ray amorphous with an O2 uptake of about 19.04 μmol/g, while the MoS2 phase in the spent catalyst shows certain crystallinity exhibiting an average particle size by Scherrer equation of about 6 nm and the O2 uptake of 1.63 μmol/g. O2 chemisorption thus serves as a valuable measure of the dispersion of Mo sulfides. The results obtain with the study of CoMo/Al2O3 (KJJ-family catalysts), highlight the correlation between the increasing amount of adsorbed O2 with the increasing nominal loading of MoO3 and the increasing rate constant of thiophene kTH. This research reveals the potential of these catalysts in hydrocarbon refining. The findings underline the connection between catalytic chemistry, process engineering, and environmental sustainability, with the objective to enhance industrial refining processes.
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Industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit
Odehnal, Lukáš ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of an industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit of a thermal power plant. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and optimize different heat pump technologies, especially compressor and absorption heat pumps, and their application to a specific case. The advantages and disadvantages of different working substances and their influence on efficiency and environmental impact are discussed. The chosen working substance for the compressor HP is the refrigerant R152a and for the absorption HP it is the water-lithium bromide solution. The design of the compressor HP consists of two parts, namely the design of an ideal cycle with a resulting heating factor of 3.81 and the subsequent revalidation with a resulting heating factor of 3.18. The revalidation is carried out under the design of the key components, where the resulting power input at the evaporator is 21.18 MW and the power output through the condenser to the CHSS system is 29.5 MW with an electrical input of the compressor of 9.27 MW. The second proposed absorption HP unit discharges 23.2 MW of thermal power to the CHSS system with a heating factor of 1.48 with an input circulating power of 43.37 MW and input power to the evaporator identical to that of the compressor. The absorption HP design also includes the use of a heat recovery heat exchanger, which increases the overall heating factor to 1.6 and reduces the delivered driving power to the cycle to 34.7 MW. The following is a comparison of the proposed HP units with their suitability depending closely on the specific operational options. The resulting cash flow for both options shows positive values, namely 347.1 million CZK for the compressor option and 209.1 million CZK for the absorption variant.
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Horse mane as a possible bioindicator for the assessment of environmental contamination by risk elements
Smékalová, Šárka ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the determination of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in horse manes and used horse feed. Samples were collected from two locations, and the selected metals were quantified using AAS. The measured Hg concentrations in the horse mane ranged 0.0032–0.0077 mg/kg. Cd concentrations were below the limit of detection in all horse mane samples. Concentrations of Cr ranged 0.312–3.527 mg/kg, Cu concentrations 4.274–7.336 mg/kg, Pb concentrations 0.143–1.403 mg/kg, Ni concentrations 0.611–2.401 mg/kg, and Zn concentrations 37.0–253.2 mg/kg. In the feed samples, Hg concentrations ranged 0.001–0.015 mg/kg. Cadmium was detected only in three feed samples in the range 0.052–0.194 mg/kg. Other risk elements were measured in all feed samples: Cr 3.511–13.195 mg/kg, Cu 1.670–25.241 mg/kg, Pb 0.171–2.709 mg/kg, and Ni 1.106–5.917 mg/kg. Concentrations of Zn in the horse feed ranged 8.6–242.2 mg/kg. Based on the measured data, it is not possible to definitively assess the ability of metals to accumulate in horse manes. It is also not possible to confirm a dependence of the concentration on age, gender, color, or breed of horses, except for more significant recurring differences in gender.
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Vliv délky a způsobu transportu jiker na jejich líhnivost u hlavatky obecné (Hucho hucho)
BERÁNEK, Lukáš
The success of transporting both unfertilized and fertilized artificially stripped ova of huchen from the farm for up to 5 days was tested. A mixture of ova from 8 females was divided into two parts. The first part was inseminated with artificially stripped sperm (a mixture from several males) on-site (1 hour after stripping), and after rinsing the fertilized ova with water, it was placed in water in a plastic sealable container. The second part of the ova, along with the ovarian fluid, was not inseminated with sperm and was placed in another identical container. Both containers were stored in a thermal insulation box for the following 5 days, including transportation from the site of artificial stripping to the incubation site. The mixture of collected sperm from 5 males was stored in syringes in a separate isothermal box at a temperature of +4°C. Both thermal insulation boxes were placed in the luggage compartment of a passenger car for 5 days. For the ova transported in water, the water was exchanged twice a day. Throughout the first day, both the ova and sperm were transported from the site of artificial stripping to a distance of 350 km to the incubation site. In the following days, the car was driven three times a day for at least 0.5 hour each time to simulate vibrations occurring during transportation. The ambient temperature for the ova during transportation was maintained at 10°C. Samples of both fertilized and unfertilized ova were taken at one-day intervals from the artificial stripping, and after counting and fertilization of the ova with transported sperm, they were rinsed and placed in small incubation dishes with separate water inflows and perforations allowing water flow and preventing the escape of subsequently hatched embryos. Thirty ova were always placed in each variant, with 3 repetitions in all variants. The incubation dishes were placed on the bottom of a shallow flow-through channel supplied with water from a recirculating system with cold-water fish farming. The average water temperature during incubation was 12.8°C. Mortality of the ova was monitored during incubation, white unfertilized or dead ova were removed, and hatching of the embryos was recorded. In the first variant, after stripping the fertilized ova transported in water for one, two, or three days, a hatchability of 32.2 ? 21.1%, 27.8 ? 10.3%, and 33.3 ? 32.1%, respectively, was achieved. After simulated transportation for four and five days, the hatchability decreased to 21.1 ? 1.57% and 15.6 ? 8.3%, respectively. The differences between all the aforementioned parameters are not statistically significant. In the second variant, with unfertilized ova transported in ovarian fluid, a comparable hatchability (34.4 ? 11%) was achieved after one day of transportation, as with fertilized ova transported in water for one to three days. Unfertilized ova transported in ovarian fluid for a longer period (two and three days) showed a statistically significant decrease in hatchability to 7.8 ? 8.8% and 2.2 ? 1.6%, respectively. A 100% mortality rate was found for ova transported in unfertilized ovarian fluid for four and five days. No differences were found in the length of the incubation period due to different methods or lengths of ova transportation. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of using transportation of fertilized ova in water for several days, with transportation of fertilized ova in the aquatic environment being preferable.
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Molecular detection of intestinal parasites in laboratory rodents
FÜRSTOVÁ, Petra
The master's thesis focuses on the issue of molecular detection by real-time PCR in laboratory rodents using primers for TaqMan real-time PCR. The designed primers were verified on 22 samples of buccal swabs, biopsies from intestinal tissue, and excrement. Specificity was verified on 9 related intestinal parasites. The detection limits of the reaction mixtures were also determined. The detection limit of the reaction mixture for Spironucleus muris was set at 3.3×10-5 ng/l, for Tritrichomonas muris at 9.4×10-8 ng/l and for Giardia muris at 1.66×10-6 ng/l. Many disease agents exist among laboratory rodents. The presence of these agents needs to be detected. Molecular detection is one of the most sensitive detection methods. Nowadays, only a few designed essays are available for detection of intestinal parasites, which include Spironucleus muris, Tritrichomonas muris and, last but not least, Giardia muris. The necessity to detect these parasites has increased due to the demand for SPF (specified-pathogen free) laboratory rodents for experimental purposes. The intestinal parasites are often used as an indicator of the failure of micro-isolation technology. Also, intestinal parasites can cause very unpleasant diseases that need to be treated. The aims has been met. The optimized methods are suitable for use in the detection of Spironucleus muris, Tritrichomonas muris and Giardia muris. The results of the thesis can serve as an information source and can be used for other investigative purposes.
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Hydraulic solution of the swirl turbine for locality of Rosenauer mill
Pavlíček, Tomáš ; Veselý, Jindřich (referee) ; Haluza, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the design of a swirl turbine for the site of Rosenauer Mill, where the gross hydraulic head HB is 1 m and the flow rate is Q is 1.6 m3/s. The beginning of the work is dedicated to microturbines and explains why a swirl turbine is suitable for this location. The procedure applied for developing the hydraulically active surfaces of the turbine is then presented. Firstly the design of the blades is based on analytical formulas, which are further refined using the CFX Ansys program. The turbine is closely affected by the inlet and draft tube, therefore their design is also included in this thesis. The hydraulic calculations yield the resulting parameters and characteristics of the designed turbine, calculated from the entire assembly using CFD computations. The final section of the work is devoted to the design of main structural components such as the gear, shaft, and bearings. The hydraulic design developed in this thesis serves as the basis for implementing the swirl turbine and constructing a small hydraulic power plant at the Rosenauer Mill.
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Development of cosmetic products with antimicrobial effect
Dribňáková, Barbora ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The proposed bachelor's thesis focuses on the preparation and study of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties. The nanofibers were synthesized from biopolymers using the forcespinning method, and liposomes were prepared using the sonification method. Active ingredients used in this work are tymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. The theoretical section of the thesis discusses the methods for preparing nanofibers and nanoparticles and the materials required for their synthesis. It also covers the encapsulation of active ingredients in nanomaterials. Additionally, this part explores the skin microbiome, antimicrobial effects, and the use of both natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents. The practical part of the thesis focuses on determining the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of each active ingredient. The gradual release of active ingredients into saline solution and distilled water was determined for nanofibers synthesized from polyhydroxybutyrate with encapsulated active ingredients. Furthermore, it deals with the optimization of nanofiber synthesis from chitosan and polyamide using the forcespinning method. The functionalized liposomes were characterized in terms of their size, stability, encapsulation efficiency, and gradual release of active ingredients. The liposomes showed high stability even after several weeks, and their size ranged from 170.90 ± 1.63 nm to 243.07 ± 7.83 nm. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the prepared products and active ingredients was tested against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. The tested active ingredients in pure and encapsulated form, demonstrated antimicrobial effect against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We assume the possibility of using the prepared nanomaterials in cosmetic products intended for the treatment of acne and other skin diseases, and also its use in the form of preservatives.
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