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Forest in life of medieval people on example of royal forest by Křivoklát
Trachtová, Nela ; Musílek, Martin (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
Wood was very important in life of medieval people. But its importance was changing in relation to social status of the person, who use the wood. King was hunting in forests, and it was a sovereigns, who began with hunting in the area of Křivoklát wood. The sovereigns founded many castles there, for example Křivoklát, Nižbor and Týřov, and the most important function of this castles that they where places, where it was possible to hunt. Sovereign was owner of this area, and he didn't want to give villages and other goods there. So we know, that the villages, which were given monasteries by princes and kings, were situated on the border of Křivokláts wood. We know gentry from Křivoklát too. There were some men, who were witness on the records of sovereign. We can name Zdeslav of Čistá, Vlček, Vacemil and Henry of Zvíkovec or Kuno of Kounov. By castle Křivoklát arose a system of royal man, which was founded by the king Přemysl Otakar II. There were two groups, the first were noble men and the second were low-born. Their duties were connected above all with defence of castle, but they had other duties too. Kings founded some cities too. In relation to area of Křivoklát played the biggest importance town Beroun and Rakovník. Beroun was a royal town, and inhabitans of Beroun could use woodland pasturage in...
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The carriers of the bishops in the 13th century
Rajterová, Petra ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Doležalová, Eva (advisor)
This submitted paper is focused on career rises of Czech bishops in 13th century. It deals with three of them, serving in Diocese of Prague: Nicholas of Ujezd (bishop between1240-1258), John III. of Drazice (bishop between 1258-1278) and Tobias of Bechyne (bishop between 1278-1296). Considering wider social and political context, this paper tries to describe the possibilities of career life in the Roman Catholic Church. Author uses contemporary sources of information and published literature, newer but even older, applying comparative method and prosopography.
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Splendor curiae regis. Life and cluture on the court of the last Przemyslid
Dvořáčková, Dana ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Iwanczak, Vojciech (referee)
The dissertation thesis Splendor curiae regis. Life and culture in the court oj the last Přemyslid is dedicated to a study of the sovereigns' court of the second half of thirteenth and beginning of fourteenth century. The author' s effort is focused on the royal court, and the regnal period, of Wenceslas II, king of Bohemia and Poland (1278/1283 - 1305). The text inc1udes reference to parallels crossing the borders of this chronological framework both into the earlier and into the later time periods. The royal court constitutes a target of study as one of the most important institutions of the medieval period, as its centralizing influence permeated all society. The court represented the place where politi cal decisions were taken, the supreme instance of power and representation. Much in the same manner, the court constituted a centre and vanguard of courtly chivalric culture, bursting into a full bloom in this very time. The texť s seven chapters include, first and foremost, an analysis of sources and specialized literature and presentation of the author' s methodical approach (Chapters 1-2). The major results are presented in Chapters 3-8. Chapter 3 surveys the coeval ideas of a kingly court reflected in written sources, which most frequently distinguish between the curia minor and the curia maior,...
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The foundations of premonstratensian monasteries in the Central Europe until the beginning of the 13th Century. Filial foundations of Steinfeld and Dünnwald
Kremer, Jan ; Pařez, Jan (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is concerned with the foundation of the first czech premonstratensian houses in the 12th century, specially in relation to the central abbey of Prémontré, the premonstratensian general chapter and two mother houses of Steinfeld and Dünnwald in the Eifel region of Germany. The first chapter deals with the central role of the general chapter and the abbey of Prémontré. It describes the ways in which the general chapter has tried to control the other houses of the order. We can follow the contitutions of the order to the half of the 13th century. In the following text we are trying to describe the function of circaries and visitations. The second part is treating the life of the founder of Prémontré - Norbert of Xanten - whose life had a very strong influence on the whole order even after he was elected archbishop of Magdeburg in the year 1126. We are trying to explain how the abbey of Prémontré and its abbot Hugo of Fosse preserved the unity of the order in the following years. We are further concerned with the ideal of apostolic life in the order and with cura animarum, unity and diversity in the order. We are describing, how the premonstratensians spread across the whole Europe and what kind of places they inhabited. The following part is explaining the role of the women houses and...
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The lords of Schönburg. History of their house in Czech kingdom (from half of the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century)
Heroutová, Kateřina ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The Lords of Schönburg, the ministerial House of Holy Roman Empire, come from Saxon Pleissenland. As sources show, their first contact with the Czech Kingdom dates back to Přemyslid period. This thesis observes their first steps in our country; their lives during the rule of the Luxemburgs up to the time of the rule of the Czech king Wenzeslaw IV. Fridrich of Schönburg - Glauchau may be considered as a certain ancestor of the Lords of Schönburg settled in Bohemia. He became an ally of the Czech king Wenzeslaw I., who was seeking for support between the foreign nobility against new rising landed nobility in Bohemia. His descendants settled down in the Czech Kingdom. The Lords of Schönburg became vassals of the Czech kings. At first they took vows of loyalty to Wenzeslaw III., and gave up Glauchau estate in Pleissenland for benefit of the king. As late as the rule of Charles IV., they gained feuds in Bohemia - Hasištejn, Perštejn, Egerberk and Ervěnice. Here they built up their domains, which didn't exist for a long time because of their losses by demises, sales and confiscations. Both during the rule of the Přemyslids and the Luxemburgs, the Lords of Schönburg appeared in sourroundings of the kings. Their names are mentioned in the documents of the Czech sovereigns and their coat of arms was carved in an...
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Town locators in the Bohemian lands in the 13th and 14th centuries
Křenková, Zuzana ; Klápště, Jan (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce pojednává o specifické skupině osob, které se výrazně podílely na hospodářských a společenských změnách odehrávajících se v Evropě v období mezi 11. a 14. stoletím. V dané době se celé regiony osídlené často jen sporadicky staly cílem aktivit lokátorů, kteří ve službách příslušníků elitních vrstev podstupovali práci spojenou se zakládáním nových sídlišť. Konkrétně se soustředím jen na městské lokátory na území českého státu (v podobě, které dosahoval ve 13. století, resp. v první polovině 14. století), a to především kvůli udržení únosné šířky tématu. Nebude brán ohled na podniky Přemysla Otakara II. v rakouských zemích, a to jak z důvodů praktických (ztížená dostupnost pramenné základny a částečně i literatury), tak z důvodů koncepčních (dlouhodobý samostatný politický a společenský vývoj zmíněných území). Chronologicky se práce věnuje celému období, pro které jsou městští lokátoři v českých zemích známí nebo se o nich v literatuře vážně uvažuje: jedná se o téměř celé 13. století a první polovinu století následujícího (nejmladší městské založení, kde jsou doložení lokátoři, je datováno k roku 1337). Částečně ale budu věnovat pozornost i době mladší, protože je nutné reflektovat (když už ne vysvětlit), proč vlastně lokátoři z písemných pramenů zmizeli, přestože urbanizační proces...
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The coronation ordines of Charles IV. as ritualized rulers programme
Žůrek, Václav ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
The present diploma thesis is an attempt to find new ways of interpreting the Charles IV.'s coronation ordines text (Drdo ad coronandum regem Boemorum). The rudimentary analysis ofthis source was already accomplished by Josef Cibulka and it is precisely his work which served us as a basis. We attempted to take into account the contemporary medievalist literature which deals with coronation and intronization rituals in Europe abundantly. Even though the main topic of the contemporary works are rituals of the early Middle Ages, their conclusions can be helpful for our thesis as well. We have described the situation before Charles IV.' s acceSSlOn, especially the chronichlers' descriptions of the Přemyslid corronations. The analysis of these sources doesn't provide us sufficient information to decide whether a Přemysliďs coronation ordines text existed in the 13th century (surely not before) or not. Basing ourselves on the coronation ordines text analysis we have come to the conclusion that the Czech coronation ordines text was modeled on the ground of the Otonian coronation ordines text from the 10th century and was extended with several elements from the French ordines text from the 13th century which were created during the reign of Saint Louis IX. Beside the French inspiration, the Czech coronation ordines...
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The Magdeburg law in the towns of northwest Bohemia in pre-Hussite period
Mareš, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Sulitková, Ludmila (referee)
The beginnings and propagation of the Magdeburg Law in the Czech lands in the Middle Ages are in the centre of attention of historical sciences since the second half of the 19th century. The period of great interest in this theme ends in the middle of the last cen tury and there i s a change in the direction of conservation of older knowledge. A detailed look on notorious development trends in connection with use of different types of sources can open new possibilities for efforts concerning deeper cognition of one of the most important components of the so called medieval transformation. The Magdeburg Law is a phenomenon transgressing borders of contemporary as well as medieval states in Centra!- and Eastern Europe, which is the reason to study it in the context of wider regions. Presented study incorporates three themes. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the initial situation that existed in the thirteenth century in one of the most important cities of northwest Bohemia Litoměřice, the later head of a great family of cities of German town law. The starting point for an attempt to explore the Litoměřice law in the 13th century is a not preserved compilation of various legal regulations sent directly from Magdeburg to Litoměřice in 1282. This is a rare case in Czech lands, which could be...
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Czech prince and Saxon duke in 12th century. Comparison of the Czech principate and Saxon duchy of Henry the Lion
Zelenka, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bláhová, Marie (referee)
If we resume the results of our comparison, we can see that the basic difference between the duchy of Saxony, territorial domain of Henry the Lion and Bohemian principality is represented by inner political structure of these domains. In consequent this inner political structure were also the chances ofthe emperor encroach diverged. The Saxonian duchy was a conglomerate of major number of aristocratic domains. The holders of these domains (bishops, earls ..... etc.) did not subordinate to fiats of the duke, they did not grant his authority. His power and support from emperor Frederick I. Barbarossa gave him a factual dominance over the other princes of Saxony however it did not let him to beared rule over them. His effort to enlarge his own principality threatened other princes's political positions and that is why they were in constant opposition
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