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Evaluation of the Financial Situation of Company and Proposals to its Improvement
Šulc, Michal ; Lisický, Adam (referee) ; Hornungová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is based on the financial situation of OK PYRUS, s.r.o. in 2015-2019 for supporting methods of financial analysis. In theoretical studies, there are several relevant analyzes of financial analysis, which are based on analytical studies. Analytics has a fixed number of overheads and no charts. This practice is based on the fact that it is a very promising and successful solution, as it is a real estate agent, because it is a real-time application of prostitution in the field of financial support.
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Evolution and function of polymorphism in warningly coloured prey
Fárová, Monika ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
Polymorphism can be expected in warningly colored prey if the prey is protected from predation by nothing else but its coloration. On the contrary, in defended prey, polymorphism was only until recently considered a controversial phenomenon due to its longer and costly avoidance learning. Individual moprhs can vary in different components of warning coloration: color, pattern, melanization degree, and internal and external contrast of colour patterns. This makes it difficult for predators to learn and remember warning signals of defended prey and avoid it in the future. Predator selection pressures and mechanisms leading to polymorphism differ between defended and undefended prey. For undefended prey, it is a negative frequency-depended selection that supports rare morphs or the multiple models hypothesis for one mimetic species. For defended prey, the polymorphism can occur temporarily (i. e., be unstable) and it also can be allowed by spatial heterogeneity of morphs or, as for undefended prey, one species can mimic multiple models. Quasi-Batesian mimesis could also contribute to the existence of the polymorphism, due to mechanisms similar to those in unprotected prey. Apart from selection by predators, there are other factors, that contribute to the existence of polymorhism in prey warning...
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Body surfaces of reptiles as projection screens of evolution
Abramjan, Andran ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Rehák, Ivan (referee) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
The PhD thesis deals mainly with the coloration (and also scalation) of selected reptile species and explores evolutionary or ecological contexts indicated by these traits. The main topics can be roughly divided into two groups: 'antipredation signals' and 'effects of parthenogenesis'. The dominant method used in most studies is visual modelling. The work consists of the following case studies. 1) Blue-tongue skinks use their conspicuous blue tongues to threaten potential predators. We found that the tongue has a relatively high UV reflectance, a typical feature of intraspecific communication in lizards. Using visual models, we investigated how the blue tongue is perceived by the conspecifics and predators (birds of prey). In both visual models, the UV-blue tongue appears more conspicuous against the natural background than a pink tongue. In addition, in the conspecifics model, its hue partially overlaps with hues of UV-blue spots, which are sexually selected traits in various species of lizards. Thus, the UV-blue tongue seems to contribute to the effectiveness of the deimatic display and its possible role in intraspecific communication cannot be ruled out either. 2) We detected UV reflectance in non-pigmented areas of the skin in the Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). These form white patches...
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Visual cues in the coevolution of brood parasite and its hosts
Šulc, Michal ; Honza, Marcel (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee) ; Samaš, Peter (referee)
Avian brood parasitism is an ideal system for the study of coevolution. Brood parasites and their hosts have developed interesting adaptations during co-evolution allowing them to maximize their fitness. The evolution of these adaptations has a character of an "arms race" where the evolution of one trait in the host is tied with the evolution of another trait in the parasite. In my doctoral thesis, I deal with two of these adaptations: recognition of parasitic eggs by hosts and mimicry of eggs in parasites. Since both these adaptations are influenced by birds' visual system, in all my studies I used an objective method to measure the colour and the modelling of avian visual system that is quite different from the human visual system. For instance, humans in contrast to birds cannot perceive ultraviolet (UV) light. However, this part of spectrum influences behaviour of birds substantially (e.g. courtship or foraging). We found that the hosts of brood parasites can use UV light when recognizing parasitic eggs. However, it seems that this part of spectrum is not the main cue in egg recognition (manuscript 1). Ambient light has also an important impact on colour perception. We determined whether the light conditions in nests influence host responses to alien eggs. The Red Bishop (Euplectes orix) was an ideal...
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Nest construction
Jenšovský, Václav ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
The nest is in the life of birds important structure. It's a place where kept for posterity during the entire period of reproduction. For this to be nest offspring suitable place for development, must have a specific structure which is variable for each species. Variability, whether at the level of intraspecific and interspecific level and is influenced by several factors. These factors include thermal insulation properties, antipredatory properties, further property to protect the nest before (ecto) parasites, but also can design nest pose as a selectable character sexually. Each of those factors differently closer together, but often one factor may disadvantage second and thus reduce the success of rearing offspring. Key words: nest construction, thermal insulation properties, antipredatory properties, ectoparasites, sexual selection
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The role of UV reflection in parasite egg rejection in reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)
Šulc, Michal ; Procházka, Petr (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
One of the best ways how hosts may defend their clutch against brood parasitism is recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs. It has been documented that ability to percept UV light in birds affects their behaviour. By using a spectrophotometer we found that Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) eggs and Common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs differ mainly in brightness but also in UV hue. We investigated the influence of birds' UV vision on recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs. Therefore we performed three experiments to reveal the role of eggshell UV reflectance on egg rejection in this host. In the first experiment, we parasitized clutches with artificial white eggs differing only in UV reflectance (UV- and UV+). In the other two, we experimentally reduced UV reflectance from conspecific and host own eggs. We used a UV light blocker, which did not influence the reflectance shape in the other parts of spectra. As a control we used a group of conspecific and own eggs coated in Vaseline, which did not affect eggshell reflectance. In each experiment, we monitored host response to parasitic eggs. Because the Reed Warbler's eggs reflect UV radiation themselves, we expected that white UV- eggs would be rejected as well as the eggs coated in UV blocker at a higher rate than white UV+ eggs and...
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The role of ultraviolet light in communication of birds
Šulc, Michal ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Albrecht, Tomáš (referee)
Recently, it has been found that the visual system of birds and humans differ remarkably, especially in the ability to perceive ultraviolet radiation. This component of the spectrum significantly affects various types of the birds' behaviour. UV reflection may be an indicator of the qualities of males, i.e. females often prefer individuals with expressive UV ornamentation. Likewise, parents can distribute the delivered food unevenly among their nestlings, depending on the nestlings' reflection of ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies also showed that the hosts of brood parasites may use UV spectrum as a key for recognizing the parasitic eggs from their own. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge of the influence of UV radiation on sexual selection of birds, the interaction between parents and offspring and interactions between brood parasites and their hosts.
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The Civil Religion of the USA and its Perspectives in the EU
Šulc, Michal ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
This work is intent on the problem of religious elements present in modem political systems. Its thesis is based on a presumption that religion and its consequences, is still one of the main sources of thinking even in such secularized area as the political space. I assume that the religious elements are present in ideologies as expressions of believe and longing for perfection, which can be reached in the frame of future man existence. That's why the ideologies are called secular religions, because they place the man's salvation to existing people's world, when they try to invent the best - even perfect - systems of social order and policy. That means that they secularize purposes to which the traditional religions (like for example Christianity) try to reach. Ideologies transfer these purposes, to which they refer to their values, to this world, which people recognize as real. It means that they do them "imanent." One of examples of the group of secular religions is the "civil religion" which refers to citizens of a state concentrated to entity of the "People" as to the authority which should decide on everything - values, principles of the society and policy through which the society should be saved (or better redeemed). The base of this decision is in the consensus resulted in a united "general will" of...
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The Design of the Model for Funded Organization Performance Measurement and Assessment
ŠULC, Michal
The subject of this dissertation thesis is the performance of funded organizations, specifically the Czech region-founded museums. The main goal of the author is to design a model for regional museum performance measurement and assessment. The designed model is called the performance pyramid due to hierarchical layout of its elements. The model is horizontally divided into four levels, namely resources management, programs realization, functions fulfilment and mission realization. Each of the model levels consists of typical elements that can be modified or changed in order to meet the needs and specifics of each particular museum. The elements and relations between them are measured and assessed by means of performance indicators. These are, according to the model level, called inputs, outputs and outcomes indicators. The relations between the particular elements are the performance dimensions. The model distinguishes dimensions of economy, efficiency, productivity, quality and effectiveness. The model construction has been verified at the Museum Vysočiny Jihlava.
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