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Vliv vypalování pastvin na lesní zdroje republiky Zambie
Šanda, Matěj
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the loss of forest in Zambia, in a marked locality in the southern province. For the purpose of this research, we used satellite images of the Sentinel 2 satellite, which we subsequently edited in the ArcGis map software so that differences in vegetation and it´s loss can be seen on individual images that are separated by 5 years. Another question is the use of fire as a tool for creating new areas for agricultural and grazing purposes, because Zambia is one of the countries in which fire plays an important role (it deeply affects both the historical and cultural roots of this country). It is very problematic to find a suitable and ecological substitute for burning.
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Sources of nitrate in lower reach of Jizera alluvium: unsaturated zone and other sources
Hronec, Lukáš ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Šanda, Martin (referee)
The water supply system Káraný (WSSK), which is using the water from Quaternary fluvial aquifer and induced recharge from Jizera River, is affected by increase of nitrate content in recent years. No tension lysimeters were emplaced into the soil at locality north of Sojovice and sampled roughly with monthly frequency. Samples were analyzed on isotopic content ( 2 H and 18 O of H2O) and chemistry. Volume of water collected in lysimeters was recalculated to mm/year. Infiltration tests demonstrated that infiltration rate at surface of agricultural land is low and therefore Horton surface flow is generated after heavy rains and during watering periods. Horton surface flow is disappearing into open desiccation cracks. This concentrated recharge may via preferential pathways transport nitrates via unsaturated zone. Using selected environmental tracers (Ca2+ a SO4 2- ) the portion of water from Jizera River in individual wells of WSSK was calculated. For Sojovice part of WSSK the water from Jizera River accounts for 71 - 80% of pumped groundwater and for Skorkov part of WSSK this is only 38 - 41%. The remaining part of water is either water from infiltration to Quaternary fluvial aquifer and/or water from Cretaceous Jizera Formation Aquifer. It is not possible to distinguish these two sources by means of...
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Disposition of New Synthetic Drugs in The Organism. Pharmacokinetics and Biotransformation Study. Toxicological Detection in Biological Materials.
Židková, Monika ; Balíková, Marie (advisor) ; Šustková, Magdaléna (referee) ; Šanda, Miloslav (referee)
The object of this thesis was the study on the pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of selected abused new synthetic drugs, specifically belonging to cathinone and aminoindane groups, in experimental rats. This work consisted of two parts: a biotransformation study of mephedrone, methylone, 5,6-methylenedioxy-2- aminoindane (MDAI) and a distribution profile study of mephedrone, methylone, MDAI and naphyrone. This document is presented as a commentary to the original papers, which were published in peer reviewed journals. The samples of blood and tissue (brain, lungs, liver) were taken at specific times after a subcutaneous single bolus dose of the studied drugs. The urine samples for the biotransformation studies were collected over a 24-hour period following the sc. dose. The LC/HRMS method was used for metabolite detection and quantitative analysis. Our findings not only included testing metabolites of the aforementioneddrugs against the synthesized reference standards, but also discovering previously unknown metabolites of these drugs. Ten phase I and five phase II metabolites aside from the parent drug were identified in urine after mephedrone administration by comparison of their spectra against those of reference standards and/or MS2 spectra of previously identified metabolites. The main...
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Antonio Ehorto Martinelli as the architect and builder of Princes of Schwarzenberg
Šanda, Martin ; Biegel, Richard (advisor) ; Macek, Petr (referee)
The dissertation is dealing with work of Viennese architect and builder from the first half of the 18th century Antonio Ehorto Martinelli in the Schwarzenberk's service in the years 1722-1732. It contains an index of buildings, that Martinelli was working on for Schwarzenberks, including contentious and mistakenly ascribed buildings. The collected information is based on study of extant archival collections, on field research of separate buildings and on study of the relevant literature. The main goal was an evaluation of separate Martinelli's architectural fruitions relating to history of art, and furthuremore an attempt to compare them both within the bounds of the whole architect's work and within the bounds of contemporary Czech and Austrian architecture. The knowledge of work of A. E. Martinelli in the Shwarzenberk's service was markedly extended on the occasion of dealing with the settled topic and moreover a few little and even a few bigger new pieces of knowledge appeared, e.g. information about concerned gangers, building development of the studied objects out of the settled period etc.
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Sources of nitrate in lower reach of Jizera alluvium: unsaturated zone and other sources
Hronec, Lukáš ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Šanda, Martin (referee)
The water supply system Káraný (WSSK), which is using the water from Quaternary fluvial aquifer and induced recharge from Jizera River, is affected by increase of nitrate content in recent years. No tension lysimeters were emplaced into the soil at locality north of Sojovice and sampled roughly with monthly frequency. Samples were analyzed on isotopic content ( 2 H and 18 O of H2O) and chemistry. Volume of water collected in lysimeters was recalculated to mm/year. Infiltration tests demonstrated that infiltration rate at surface of agricultural land is low and therefore Horton surface flow is generated after heavy rains and during watering periods. Horton surface flow is disappearing into open desiccation cracks. This concentrated recharge may via preferential pathways transport nitrates via unsaturated zone. Using selected environmental tracers (Ca2+ a SO4 2- ) the portion of water from Jizera River in individual wells of WSSK was calculated. For Sojovice part of WSSK the water from Jizera River accounts for 71 - 80% of pumped groundwater and for Skorkov part of WSSK this is only 38 - 41%. The remaining part of water is either water from infiltration to Quaternary fluvial aquifer and/or water from Cretaceous Jizera Formation Aquifer. It is not possible to distinguish these two sources by means of...
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Antropogenní tlaky na stav půd‚ vodní zdroje a vodní ekosystémy v české části mezinárodního povodí Labe: Hydrologie, cesty odtoku v povodí a jejich vliv na transport nutrientů
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Beven, Keith ; Martínková, Marta ; Šanda, Martin ; Kulasová, Alena ; Blažková, Šárka
Cílem úkolu je získání podrobných dat popisujících odtok z povodí co do množství a jakosti, jejich kontrola a opravy a nalezení souvislostí, nalezení souvislostí mezi naměřenými daty a využitím území (zemědělské hospodaření a difúzní zdroje znečištění, vyplavování látek v epizodách v acidifikované oblasti). Dále použití vhodných matematických modelů pro popis jakosti vody v povodí ve spojení s množstvím vody a Vyjádření nejistot matematických predikcí množství a jakosti vody. V roce 2007 byly provedeny tato práce: Výběr povodí v Polabí (část Klejnárky), předběžné vzorkování širšího okruhu profilů, návrh vymezení části povodí ke sledování, návrh přístrojového vybavení (včetně projednání umístění), získávání stávajících dat. Příprava 2. verze článku Flood Frequency by Continuous Simulation: Application of a semi-distributed model to the Skalka catchment, Czech Republic (with uncertainty) ve spolupráci s Universitou v Lancasteru.
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Labe IV: Modelování pohybu vody a rozpuštěných látek ve vadózní zóně
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta stavební ; Zumr, David ; Votrubová, Jana ; Sněhota, Michal ; Šanda, Martin ; Jelínková, V. ; Hrnčíř, Miroslav ; Dušek, Jaromír ; Dohnal, Michal ; Vogel, Tomáš ; Císlerová, Milena
Výzkumné práce vykonané ve třetím roce projektu týmem Fakulty stavební byly plynulým pokračováním aktivit z prvních dvou let řešení. V souhlase s metodikou byla pozornost zaměřena jednak na další vývoj simulačních modelů a vedle toho na měření a vyhodnocení hydraulických charakteristik. Pokračovaly experimenty určené na posouzení časoprostorové variability nasycených hydraulických vodivostí doplněných geofyzikálním měřením. Intenzivní zapojení studentů inženýrského i doktorandského studia do výzkumu umožnilo věnovat se v této fázi velmi podrobně možnostem zpřesnění popisu dynamiky proudění vody ve vadózní zóně, která je z hlediska transportních procesů determinující pro všechna řešení pohybu polutantů pod zemským povrchem.
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