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Characterization of contemporary Aragonese
Čečilová, Kateřina ; Čermák, Petr (referee) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor)
After reading the chapters 4. "Charakteristika spisovné normy současné aragonštiny v konfrontaci se španělštinou" and 5 "Vztah spisovné normy k živým dialektům" and have a respect to chapter 3. "Historické východisko", we can confirm that the Aragonese, neither its dialects, are not, even cannot be, dialects of Spanish. Having a respect to the chapter 2.1. "Aragonština - dialekt kastilštiny?" we see that in the past, and today as well, there are many philologists who think that the Aragonese is one of the dialects of Spanish. We can observe in the chapter 5. "Vztah spisovné normy k živým dialektům" that the Aragonese has important properties which are very diferent from the Spanish and which make both languages unintelligibles. This signifies that the Aragonese cannot be a dialect of the Spanish. Many of the interdialects of the Aragonese have passed throught a strong castelanization (there are habitual spanish vocabulary in the interdialect of ansotano), but it doesn't mean that they are dialects of the Spanish, because predominate in it qualities own to the aragonese vocalic, consonantic, morphological and lexical evolution. In that chapter is where I tried to sketch the most important differences, such as the article, verbs, word-order etc. Even its sociolinguistic inferiority respect to the Spanisch...
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Aspects of the Judeo-Spanish linguistic variety of Thessaloniki
Garcia, Kateřina ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to offer a complete insight into the current situation of the Judeo- Spanish linguistic variety of Thessaloniki, a language that evolved within the community of Sephardic Jews that settled in the city from 1492, as a direct consequence of their expulsion from the Iberian Peninsula. This study is divided into three parts, each of them dedicated to a different aspect of this specific Judeo-Spanish variety. The first part examines Judeo-Spanish as a language of the Jewish Diaspora, in the broader context of the general theory of evolution of Jewish languages. Judeo-Spanish is depicted here as a distinctive language which, although based largely on Medieval Castillian and other Romance varieties spoken by the Jews prior to their expulsion from the Peninsula, consequently evolved after their transfer to the Eastern Mediterranean into a specific linguistic system. An extensive chapter is dedicated to the history and characterisation of the term Sepharad, which I consider of great importance not only for the elucidation of the circumstances of birth and evolution of the Judeo-Spanish language, but also for a better understanding of its current critical situation. This is followed by an introduction into the different functional and geographical varieties of Judeo-Spanish, as well as of...
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Sephardic texts in the archives of Vienna
Moučková, Naděžda ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
I dedicated my work to the Sefardic community problems, especially to publishing Sefardic works in Vienna. The Vienna community was relatively small, when comparing with the number of the Ashkenazis almost insignificant. This cannot be said about their works published in Vienna. The community existed here as late as the twentieth century, even with the Sefardi centre in the town. Recently I have searched for the centre in vain. When driven out of Spain, the Sefardis kept the language they had been using every day talking to each other as well as to their non-Jew neighbours - the Spanish language. Until the seventeenth century they remained in touch, although limited, with the actual language territory. Later their language, which is sometimes called Judeo Spanish, Ladino, udesmo or just Sefardi, set up for its own way and passed its unique development. On one hand it preserved archaisms, for example in the form of phonems the Spanish was gradually losing, on the other hand it was sometimes even more progressive than Spanish. On the whole it applied the phenomenons only regional in Spanish, not belonging to the written language - 'yeísmo' and 'seseo', for example. It is only logical that the language had been influenced by cultural and language environment of the communities which meant an input of the...
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Passive and mediopassive in contemporary Spanish
Prantnerová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (referee) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor)
The present study deals with passive and mediopassive constructions in the modern Spanish language. The subjective perspective of Spanish is compared with other languages and the evolution of passive construction is explained. In the theoretical part there are two types of the passive defined and compared from the syntactical and functional points of view. The form and meaning of medium and mediopassive construction are also delimitated. Theoretical consclusions are verified in a special corpus of almost 2000 sentences taken from modern Spanish language. The analysis is dedicated to three main issues. The first part is dedicated to the frequency of appearance of passive constructions, the second part deals with morfological and syntactical analyses of the main parts of sentence and the third part studies the function of this type of constructions. There is also a separate analysis of the frequency of appearance of medium and mediopassive constructions and also of the principal features of their main parts of sentence.
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Magnetic properties of Ce compounds studied by specific heat
Čermák, Petr ; Javorský, Pavel (advisor) ; Havela, Ladislav (referee)
Materials containing the 4f (rare earth) or 5f (actinides) exhibit a large variety of interesting physical properties. The Ce-based compounds have a special place among the rare-earth compounds. The Ce atom contains only a single f-electron that is responsible for the magnetic behavior. The 4f states in compounds with the heavy rare earths have a well localized character, whereas many Ce-based compounds are on the borderline between the localized and itinerant behavior. These compounds show large variety of the magnetic ground states what is a result of the competition between the long-range order of the RKKY type and the screening of the localized moments by conduction electrons. We observe nonmagnetic states with a mixed valence (between Ce3+ and Ce4+), metallic systems with a long-range order of the Ce moments (ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or more complex structures). To analyze the electronic properties, the heat capacity data, and namely their low-temperature part, play an indispensable role. This diploma work comprise the sample preparation of selected cerium compounds, their phase characteristics and the heat capacity measurements at low temperatures (0.4 - 300 K). The main part is focused on the data analysis and comparison with theoretical models.
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Spanish advertisements from the perspective of the text linguistics
Žampachová, Zuzana ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
he topic of the thesis is Spanish advertisements from the perspective of the text linguistics. Already the title itself says that the study consists of two parts. The first one is theoretic; it tries to explain the issue of the text linguistics, to characterize the situation of discipline from the point of view of the significant authors belonging to the given theory. The point of departure is the theory of textuality according to two important linguists Beaugrande and Dressler (1997) who present the text linguistics from perspective of seven norms. At the same time the study refers to existing relation between the iconic and the verbal languages and explains the essential notion and terms relating to the advertisement. The second part is focused on the practical aspect, application of textual norms on advertising message. It is based on specific examples of Spanish daily newspaper El País which is one of the Spanish newspapers with a large base of readers.
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Influence of the indigenous languages in American Spanish
Marčeková, Tatiana ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
We are reaching the final pages of this work. We have looked into the language evolution in Latin America, beginning with the arrival of the first Spaniards to the New World that was followed by the colonial era and successive Hispanization of the indigenous people. We also mentioned some positive elements that helped this process to fulfil its aims. Main part was dedicated to the presence of the Spanish language on the American continent side by side with the indigenous languages, their influence and conditions that were favourable in this linguistic situation. In the third chapter we analysed concrete examples in the following coutries: Argentine, Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay and Peru. We observed a level of indigenous influence from phonological, syntactic and lexical point of view. Our investigation has not reached a concrete, compact result. The extention and lack of exact and proved information in this linguistic field leaves our conclusion open.
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Characteristics of the Ecuadorean Spanish
Bártíková, Tereza ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
In this thesis, we had an opportunity to explore Ecuador's variant form španelštiny.Práce pays particular attention to features that are the Spanish version of symptomatic and that it different from European Spanish. On the territory of Ecuador is not a single language, as in general practice , the geographic boundaries are largely coincide with linguistic boundaries. And that is why we in addition to the difference between Ecuador and compares the Spanish language in the form of the mountain and coastal areas. Within the context of the need to mention at least marginally influences of other languages (Quechua, African languages, English, etc.) to form the current Ecuadorian Spanish considerable influence.
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The sociolonguistic situation in Extremadura
Kočová, Dita ; Čermák, Petr (referee) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor)
The thesis Sociolinguistic situation in Extremadura summarizes previous observations about linguistic situation in Extremadura and knowledges about linguistic attitudes of the speakers. In the introduction are formulated the essential questions which will be answered in the course of the thesis. The thesis focuses on a definition of the notions of sociolinguistics, on the object of its investigation and on the basic concepts. It is zoomed mainly in the notions of diglossia and bilinguism, a question of status of the language, a notion of the language, dialect and regional variacy. It presents the neutral concept of language variety. In the following part establishes the difference among languague, dialect, regional variety and speech and with special reference to the case of Extremadura, explains also concepts of "habla de tránsito" (transitive speech) and meridional Spanish. It claims that there is also a lot of extralinguistics agents as politics, language attitude of speaker and question of status involved in the categorization of the language. The following part describes the particular linguistic situation in Spanish district of Extremadura and describes which language varieties are spoken in the provinces of Cáceres and Badajoz and what are their essential characteristics. It is mentioned the...
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Language of internet
Šumpelová, Alexandra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to investigate some typical features of language used in electronic communication, especially in short message service SMS and trace up some differences and resemblances between the norm of language and language of SMS. This thesis has two main parts - theoretical and analytical. The focus of the study is the practical part, which works primarily with linguistic redundancy and looking for strategies and methods for its removal. This redundancy is evident in all language levels, and only the removal of this redundancy can achieve the maximum economy of language. Emphasis is placed primarily on analysis of actual language SMS messages in terms of phonological, morphological and syntactic. In the theoretical part, we focused on brief sociolinguistic characteristics of the information society and the net generation. Furthermore, we have tried to characterize and isolate different types slang and argot in Czech and Spanish terminology, and the subsequent inclusion of the language style of information technologies and also in terms of functionality. In summary, the present paper offers a general overview of the study of Spanish used in electronic communication. On the one hand we study what elements is using Spanish for being more economics in the written form; on the other hand...
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