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Current psychological approaches to the subject of autobiographical memory
Vlčková, Irena ; Čermák, Ivo
The research of memory has always been one of the most important topics in cognitive psychology while the particular research of the autobiographical memory has started in the last decades. In this paper the development of the autobiographical memory research is outlined through the different psychological approaches such as the social sonstructivism; the cognitive psychology and the discoursive psychology. The discoursive psychology highlights the interplay of self, memory and culture in the autobiographical memory development. The cognitive psychology developed the motivational theory of the autobiographical memory whereas its function is to preserve information about individual`s goals and motives. The narrative approach to the autobiographical memory is also mentioned thus presents the subject of the autobiographical memory in the comprehensive and many-layered perspective.
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Sigmund Freud and Life-story
Čermák, Ivo
Contribution of Sigmund Freud to the development of narrative modus of knowledge in psychology and psychoanalysis, which is visible in his archeological metaphor and his approach to construction/reconstruction in psychoanalytic therapy, is explored. Both his ideas are compared with the concepts of historical and narrative truth. Primary narrative structures in Freud’s psychoanalysis are identified and several amplifications of Oedipus myth are offered. Some of recent psychoanalytic narrative approaches are introduced (D. Spence, R, Schafer).
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Narrative Memory
Čermák, Ivo
The paper is focused on relations between an autobiographical memory and a narrative self. The author explains how narrative reasoning configures and refigures our incoherent experience, how it constructs language and order of the story, how this kind of reasoning helps to create meaning of the life-story events. He tentatatively conceptualizes a narrative memory and narrative memories which form and content enables this memories to be retrieved as a story or its sequences. The story-telling is conceived as an act of imagination, which is necessarily involved in the process of personal identity construction. Autobiographical and narrative memory is precondition of this process. The study is also an attempt to differ narrative and autobiographical memory.
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Thinking narratively: qualitative research "on the road"
Čermák, Ivo
The role of narrativity in the process of qualitative research is briefly described in the paper. In narrative research, mathodological canons of representativness, method, and expert position in research are abandoned, validity is replaced by concept of finding trustworthiness, and sharing, participative-dialogical interpretation and meaning re-construction are emphasized. The story is considered a basis and also an object of narrative research. Stories are interpretations of life and an individual became an autobiographic narrativity. Story is a tool of identity construction and also reflection and can be labelled as a narrative identity. The aim of narrative research lies in good-story construction, which has not to be contradictory to the searching of truth. Narrative research is a way toward narrative knowing. Continuous communication with different versions of human research is a basic principle of narrative methodology and protection against rigidity.
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Qualitative research in social Science
Čermák, Ivo ; Miovský, Michal
Publication is the second in sequence of publications from conference about qualitative research in social sciences. This conference (in 2002) was organized according to first conference organized in 1999. The organizers of the conferences plan to hold this short tradition of meeting for professionals in the field of qualitative research with biennial frequencies.
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Qualitative research in human sciences at the threshold of the third millenium
Čermák, Ivo ; Miovský, Michal
The collection of papers is focused on qualitative approach to the research in human sciences, mostly in psychology. Theoretical and historical framework of qualitative research is articulated. Tension between qualitative and quantitative perspective in research is reformulated - continuum of cooperation is more useful version of research in human sciences. Several particular qualitative studies concerning family, drug-abuse, and process of therapy, etc. are presented. The specific qualitative methods - grounded theory, focus group, rapid assessment - is also demonstrated as a useful tools in research studies.
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The life-style of skinheads in Brno cominity: The Focus group method?
Navrátil, Marek ; Čermák, Ivo ; Horoščák, M.
This study was aimed at some aspects of Czech skinhead´s life style. The focus was on the narratives, which were relevant from the participant´s point of view: social status, value orentation, attitudes towards minorities, peers, parents, and towards authorities. Their emotional coping style, aggressive feelings, identification with ideology of skinhead movement, and their self-presentation were also described. Research was carried out as a qualitative moderated focus group with 10 members of the skinhead movement.
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Is the ethic discourse in the research only an empty word?
Miovský, Michal ; Čermák, Ivo
The authors deal with ethic problems in qualitative research. They argue that ethic dimension in research in the field of human sciences is constantly marginalized. The problem is demonstrated on the examples of relationship between researcher and his participant, between researcher and donators, and as well as between researcher and society. The argumentation is focused on responsibility of researchers. The results of underestimation of ethic issues in research could lead to politization of scietific resarch, to political and economic influence on research orientation, to the way, how the research question is raised, to choice of research methods, etc.
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Qualitative research in psychology: problems and perspectives
Čermák, Ivo
The study is focused on general methodological problems of qualitative research. Some of the relevant theoretical approaches linked with qualitative research are presented: post-modern epistemology, influence of feministic knowledge version of qualitative research in psychology, transpersonal methodology. Validity of qualitatively based findings is articulated as a key problem in qualitative research. Contradiction between qualitative and quantitative methodology in psychology is conceived as false and non-productive way how to understand a human being.
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