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The land and duties registers of Osek of the 17th century
Sirový, Jiří ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
Ve své diplomové práci jsem se zaměril na vesničany v klášterních vsích oseckého kláštera, ovšem pouze v těch, které se nacházely v bezprostředním okolí tohoto kláštera. Původně mělo být těchto vsí 13, nakonec jsem se věnoval ale pouze jedenácti vsím. Zabýval jsem se jednotlivými vesničany vyskytujícími se v těchto vsích v jednotlivých letech, k čemuž jsem použil hojného počtu tabulek, jimiž se prokousat nebylo jistě jednoduché. Nicméně byla to činnost velmi potřebná, protože jen na základě údajů z těchto tabulek o počtu vesničanů v jednotlivých obcích oseckého kláštera, jsem mohl přikročit k dalšímu kroku, jímž bylo rozdělení těchto lidí na "domácí" a "cizince" a vyjádřit následně míru jejich zastoupení na skladbě obyvatelstva jednotlivých obcí procentuálně. Současně jsem také uváděl historii jedné každé zkoumané vsi a tím mi samozřejmě vznikal určitý víceméně realitě doby odpovídající obraz. Právě do tohoto obrazu jsem posléze vnesl fakta zjištěná rozborem z tabulek věnovaných jednotlivým vsím, přičemž ovšem fakta zjištěná z těchto tabulek prokázala větší úbytek obyvatelstva pouze v Hrobu, zde nepochybně v důsledku emigrace, a ve Verneřicích. Aby však má práce pro danou oblast byla skutečně pravdivou věnoval jsem se též fenoménu míry migrace a jejímu zastoupení na skladbě vesnického (v případě Hrobu...
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Lesser nobility in the region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy in the era of early modern period
Mrvík, Vladimír Jakub ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This study should help to recognize the social and economic conditions of life of the lesser nobility in Bohemian Kingdom in the era 1500-1728(1739) shown on the example of lesser nobility in historical region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy near Prague. The common developmental trends, problems and first of all reasons of the dying out of this social group were observed there. Those conclusions were compared with analogical researches from other Bohemian regions. Herewith in present Czech historiography there are very few studies about the pauperisation of bohemian nobility in the late 17th and first of all in 18th century. Finally this study surveys local history of the named region and the micro-historical relationships of the environment of typical aristocratic dominion and its officers. Our observed lesser nobility could be divided into two quality levels - the clerical nobility and the landed nobility.
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Přibík Jeníšek z Újezda, clerk from the time after the White mountain battle
Bacík, Radek ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kubeš, Jiří (referee)
Přibík Jeníšek from Újezd (1580?-1651) belonged to small knight aristocrats, who were in the time before the battle of White mountain innumerable. He was born in the west Bohemian fortress Svrčovec as the fourth of the five brothers. His chances to get the good inheritance were very poor. Thaťs why he looked for alternative way to become socially more important. He found as the best the career of clerk in the Bohemian provincial machinery of government. Under the supervision of his uncle Jan from Klenova and Janovice, the highest scrivener, he affected at first as counselor of the court of the highest office of the burgraver of Prague (1611- 1616) and then in the Office of Tabulare Terrae as the minor scrivener (1616-1618). During this time he was able to follow the exacerbation of the situation between the monarch and the noblemen which was denominationally divided.
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Criminality and law in the New Town of Prague in the year 1586
Hladík, Ondřej ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fejtová, Olga (referee)
Při každodenní práci zabývající se historií vězeňství jsem si začal klást otázku jak se v průběhu staletí měnila kriminalita a způsob boje proti ní. S tím samozřejmě souvisí i další problémy, mezi něž patří způsob vyšetřování spáchaného deliktu, zatčení zločince, soudní řízení a nelze vynechat ani tresty ukládané viníkům. Obzvláště podoba postihu pachatele doznala z pohledu současného člověka výrazných změn. Dnes běžný kratší či delší pobyt ve vězení nebýval chápán jako náležitá odplata - právě posun významu trestu z ff pomsty" za prožité bezpráví na snahu o nápravu provinilce lze považovat za jeden z nejdůležitějších momentů v dějinách vězeňství. Avšak k tomu došlo až v rámci reforem soudnictví v polovině 19. století, přičemž nelze opomenout zásluhy katolického kněze a prvního vězeňského učitele Františka Josefa Řezáče, který již roku 1852 vydal vlastním nákladem důležitý spis, jenž se zabývá zásadami práce s vězni.1 Nicméně zásadním okamžikem vedoucím k zájmu o městskou kriminalitu v předbělohorských Čechách byla exkurze do Archivu hlavního města Prahy, kde je mimo jiné uložen také soubor knih svědomí ze všech čtyř pražských měst zac hycujících toto období. Jejich obsahem jsou zápisy svědeckých výpovědí k deliktům, které se odehrály v pražských ulicích. Právě tento, téměř bezprostřední, kontakt s...
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Glasshouses of Buquoy
Vojtěchová, Blanka ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bareš, Jiří (referee)
This work concems the history of glassworks and glashouses in the region of South Bohemia - Novohradské hory - on the border with Austria. Glassmakers worked here over 500 years, since Middle Age until the beginning of the 20th century. There were many generations of glassmasters, glassmakers, refiners ant others and others in the manufactures and later in the factories. The period before the half of the 18th century. It was the time of first Middle Age Glasshouses in the 14th and 15th century, the time ofthe renaissance glassworks and first baroque glassworks. There had been an excellent glassworks in Wilhelmberg, near Heilbronn, in the Gratzen domain, founded by the Rosenbergs about 1580s. At that time, glassmakers came to this region maybe from Italy and later sure from France. The most importent figure of The period since half of the 18th century, the period of founding of new glassworks in Novohradské hory. During 40 years 8 glassworks were founded. On the beginning, the most famous period of glassworks began here when the Count Georg Franz Buquoy found new glass material - black, later red, hyalite and took all glassworks in the region under his direkt ownership. There where 6 glassworks in the first half of the 19th century. After death of Georg Franz Buquoy began slowly dec1ine of glassworks In...
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The Alchemy like the Gate to Luck
Erös, Roman ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
Synopsis The aim of this Bachelor thesis is not rendered and reveal the alchymist procedures, but rather to know the thinking of the alchemists and their destinies, because not all of them were con artists who would like to share the fraudulent ways and so enrich at the expense of its surroundings. A few of them not only made money, but even borrowed, and eventually ended up in prison. Most of them really believe in their dreams of actinide transmutation and extending the life and the other on the contrary, have ceased to believe in the miracle of riches by using the transmutation and rather started to think about whether something like that is possible and then go back to the top. And it was actually the beginning of the inquiry and that of the beginning of a new scientific discipline and chemistry. Of course, that together with the effort of the alchemists of actinide transmutation of metals, and search for the stone is associated and the destinies of famous players of this science and it, from the founder of the Herma Trismegistose to the present, because the dream of the alchemists is not foreign or today's man.
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Non-Catholics in the domaine of Trebic in the 17th and 18th century
Honč, Petr ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Petráček, Tomáš (referee)
This research is primarily focused on the non-Catholic population in the domain of Trebic in the 17th and 18th century. A brief summary of the previous religious development in the above mentioned domain during the Reformation period and Thirty Years' War enables us to prove, that falling apart of the confessional identity had already been registered before the beginning of systematic recatholisation. Until then, the domain of Trebic had been a favourite refuge for the refugees from Bohemia. The description of the process of recatholisation in the town of Třebíč and villages of its domain is one of the key topics of this research. Another focus of this work is to demonstrate the contribution of the parish network in the frame of the Třebic's deanship, which was a key success factor for the recatholisation process. A second main topic, and a core issue of this work, is the situation in the domain after the October 1781, when Joseph II. put into effect the Edict of Tolerance. The emphasis is put on the adhesion of non-Catholics to one of the Protestant confessions tolerated by the State and on the challenges emerged as a follow-up. A rupture between Protestants regarding the choice between the Augsburg and Helvetic Confession almost ended hopes for their own congregation.
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Monasteries in Danger. Disputes about Liquidation of Czech and Moravian Monasteries of the "Old Orders" in the Period before the Battle of White Mountain
Chládek, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; x, (referee)
Liquidation of monasteries in the era of Reformations is a phenomenon which has been studied only to a certain level. There were very many cases of abolished or liquidated monasteries. The author concentrates only on two cases (Augustinian canonries in Kłodzko and Olomouc) where efforts to liquidate a monastery were met with resistance from the community or monastic structures. It is a multilayered topic, requiring a thorough analysis. Due to the fact that these disputes were interfered by a number of influential personalities (supreme provincial officials, nuncios, bishops, superiors of monastic orders etc.), it represents an ideal material to study the relationships within the high society in the era before the Battle of White Mountain. Besides the high politics we can also focus on other aspects - such as legal arguments of the conflicting parties or linguistic, art historical or theological layer. After research not only in Czech, but also in foreign archives (e.g. Rome, Kraków, Kłodzko, Wrocław, Vienna), the author refills or corrects older conclusions (Jan Tenora, Aloys Bach etc.). He also tries to verify the theory that within the Catholic Church those monasteries were abolished which were - in the economic and also spiritual layer - in a state of deep crisis.
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The life of a baroque noblewoman. Sylvie Kateřina the countess Černínová, born Caretto-Millesimo
Boháčová, Veronika ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee)
This work dwells with some aspects of life of Sylvie Kateřina, countess of Černín born Caretto- Millesimo (1606- 1664). Most important of used sources are edition of Sylvia's correspondence with her husband Heřman Černín from Chudenice (1576- 1651) and edition of correspondence between Zuzana Černínová and her son Humprecht Jan. Crux ofthe work is the period of marriage of Sylvia Kateřina and count Černín. The period after his death and her second marriage is mentioned only in suggestions. The work pursues at first Sylvia's relationships, precisely to the part that was constituted by the members ofhouse Caretto- Millesimo and Černín. Sylvia's father died very early and her relationship with mother was marked by mother' s emigration to S axony. Sylvia often met with her sister Olympia Kateřina and a good relationship has also developed between Olympia and Heřman. He and Sylvia were in touch with Olympia's husband Filip Count Magnis and also with his brother František. lnto Sylvia's relationship web belonged also her other sister (Ester Magdalena) and at least one brother. The question, if she had another brother than Karel Leopold, with whom she was also in touch, wasn't answered satisfactory. Sylvia accentuated on her original family, respective the Caretoo- Millesimo house. ln her testament she bequeathed...
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