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Pavel Michna of Vacínov
Bouček, Jan ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
There are only a few works available dealing with the Czech Early New Times and not mentioning the name of Pavel Michna z Vacínova. The man who succeeded in overcoming barriers of his middle class origin and making himself an indispensable advisor to top representatives of the Czech Kingdom and even Emperor Ferdinand II and to manage elevation to Imperial Earldom towards the end of his life. Michna, a butcher's son from Budyně nad Ohří, became thanks to patronage of the High Chancellor of the Czech Kingdom Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel z Lobkovic in the early part of the 17th century the Czech Kingdom Court Office Secretary and reinforced a group of catholic militants who gradually started to exploit the Czech Kingdom Court Office for the benefit of their own influence at the expense of Protestant majority. Even though Michna had signed the Imperial Charter of Rudolf II that guaranteed all subjects in the Kingdom freedom of worship, he alone prosecuted Protestants during his office period in the Czech Kingdom Court Office and was aiming to restrict their rights. He paid special attention to royal cities. In cooperation with Zdeňek Vojtěch Popel z Lobkovic they often unscrupulously tried to make royal cities to waive their religious freedoms. As a consequence, the cities would have been exposed to increasing pressure...
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Matrimonial causes at the Utraquist Consistory of Kutná Hora in the second half of the 16th century till the beginning of the 17th century (with the regard to the same disputes in the Utraquist Consistory of Prague)
Krupková, Hana ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
The main topic of this thesis are problems of married life of a man and a woman, their mutual conflicts and the question of attitude of the society of that period to the marriage. The most important source for this work were the files of the Utraquist Consistory of Kutná Hora. In this work we also find a brief description of the history of this consistory. Their beginnings date back to the early 16th century and it finished its activities more or less in the year 1622. We focused our attention on the formation and the development of the marriage, both from the general point of view and its legal regulations in Bohemia. We described the efforts of the Church to bring under its domination decisions in the affairs of marriage. Only after the ecclesiastic council of Trentino ( which proclaimed the sacred character of the marriage, acceptance of the sacrament of marriage in the presence of a priest ) marriage and married life started to be understood as significant religious sacraments. Still in the 16th century only the marriage vow - between partners - was primary. After it, the marriage was considered as concluded. Religious blessing was only secondary. There were common cases when pregnant young women sued men for breaking the marriage vow. Only now they tried to maintain their honour and enter into the...
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Nunneries of Upper Lusatia between spiritual and secular power in the 16th and 17th century
Zdichynec, Jan ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Out of the various religious and church structures of Upper Lusatia, the presented thesis focuses on the local women's religious Catholic houses, on the Cistercian convents of Marienthal and Marienstern, and the penitent sisters of Mary-Magdalene's convent in Lauban and on their domains. The period of interest is mostly 16th and 17th century. These abbeys are the only catholic institutions which have survived up to this day in the mainly protestant area. The introductory debate about monasteriologic research and about the possibilities of applying modern historical methods to the field are followed by an overview of the research dedicated to the area - both from the local and general German, or even Czech point of view. Careful analysis of the utilised resources follows. In assessing the factors that allowed the coexistence of institutions firmly tied to the Catholic Church and of the Protestant majority, it was first necessary to investigate the role of convents in the local society and to explore the earlier pre-reformation events. For the existence of monasteries of traditional orders was, in the early modern era, determined just as strongly by politics, (church) administration and by social and economical factors, as it was by its coexistence with protestantism. The existence was often continuous, tied...
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The land and duties registers of Osek of the 17th century
Sirový, Jiří ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
Ve své diplomové práci jsem se zaměril na vesničany v klášterních vsích oseckého kláštera, ovšem pouze v těch, které se nacházely v bezprostředním okolí tohoto kláštera. Původně mělo být těchto vsí 13, nakonec jsem se věnoval ale pouze jedenácti vsím. Zabýval jsem se jednotlivými vesničany vyskytujícími se v těchto vsích v jednotlivých letech, k čemuž jsem použil hojného počtu tabulek, jimiž se prokousat nebylo jistě jednoduché. Nicméně byla to činnost velmi potřebná, protože jen na základě údajů z těchto tabulek o počtu vesničanů v jednotlivých obcích oseckého kláštera, jsem mohl přikročit k dalšímu kroku, jímž bylo rozdělení těchto lidí na "domácí" a "cizince" a vyjádřit následně míru jejich zastoupení na skladbě obyvatelstva jednotlivých obcí procentuálně. Současně jsem také uváděl historii jedné každé zkoumané vsi a tím mi samozřejmě vznikal určitý víceméně realitě doby odpovídající obraz. Právě do tohoto obrazu jsem posléze vnesl fakta zjištěná rozborem z tabulek věnovaných jednotlivým vsím, přičemž ovšem fakta zjištěná z těchto tabulek prokázala větší úbytek obyvatelstva pouze v Hrobu, zde nepochybně v důsledku emigrace, a ve Verneřicích. Aby však má práce pro danou oblast byla skutečně pravdivou věnoval jsem se též fenoménu míry migrace a jejímu zastoupení na skladbě vesnického (v případě Hrobu...
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Pilgrims way to Hájek. Its origins, development and decline in the mirror of sources from the 17th-19th century
Pařízková, Kateřina ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Hojda, Zdeněk (advisor)
The baroque pilgrimage way from Prague to Hájek originated between the year 1720-1733. Of the total of 20 chapels only 11 were preserved to these days. The primary route of the pilgrimage way was gradually abolished and now is on several places iterrupted. By several of demolished chapels today is not possible to determine their original location. In Hájek (the name comes from the newly planted forrest near the village Červený Újezd) in the year 1623 Jindřich Žďárský of Žďár built the chapel, inspired by the chapel in Loreto in Italy. Lately the Franziskaner monastery was founded there. In 1720 the foundation stone of the pilgrimage way was laied. The chapels have been built and lately preserved, using the financial means of the donators. The budget as well as the bills for the building works have been kept in the archive. The chapels have been decorated by frescos, showing the lives of Virgin Marie and Saint Francis. The appearance of the paintings has not been preserved, only their description. The chapels begun to deteriorate at the end of 18th century, at the time when the Emperor Josef II. abolished the fund for their renovation. The pilgrimage has been used by pilgrims in times of the main Maria's feasts above all. Most of pilgrims hasn't been using only the way from Prague, but also the ways from...
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The first abolition of the Monastery of Žďár
Chládek, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
The work is concerned with the first abolition of Žďár Monastery (1614) and conflicts which developed into it. It focuses on power mechanisms, individual participants of these disputes (e.g. the monarch, Olomouc bishops, order visitor, Žďár monastic community, nuncios, monastery subjects) and on their arguments. It tries for example to find the answer to the question which aspects of the Žďár case correspond with general tendencies of the time period and what specific features there are. The topic of the work is set into the context of the state of the Catholic Church in the 16th century and the monarch's policy towards monasteries.
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The first abolition of the Monastery of Žďár
Chládek, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
The work is concerned with the first abolition of Žďár Monastery (1614) and conflicts which developed into it. It focuses on power mechanisms, individual participants of these disputes (e.g. the monarch, Olomouc bishops, order visitor, Žďár monastic community, nuncios, monastery subjects) and on their arguments. It tries for example to find the answer to the question which aspects of the Žďár case correspond with general tendencies of the time period and what specific features there are. The topic of the work is set into the context of the state of the Catholic Church in the 16th century and the monarch's policy towards monasteries.
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Lives of priests during the reign Ferdinand I in the dossiers of utraquistic consistory in broader historical context
Mrázek, Zdeněk ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work about the Utraquistic priests during the reign of Ferdinand I (1526-1564) is an attempt to describe the basic elements and problems the Utraquistic Church had to face at that time. These characteristic problems comprised more or less the content of pastoral work as well as the everyday work of individual clergymen. The first part clarifies some chosen aspects of Ferdinand's reign and is supposed to explain the reader some specific features about that time, about the personality of Ferdinand I as a ruler and last but not least about the conflict between political conception of the King and the Czech corporative representation. It is not all about description of Ferdinand's reign but it also shortly explains the problems that used to have crucial meaning at that time. The second part deals with history of the Utraquistic Church not only during the reign of Ferdinand I but in previous years as well. The year 1526 does not represent substantial landmark, although thanks to political development it is traditionally considered as very important. The beginning of the second chapter that deals with religious development of past Hussite and Yagellogian era is concentrated on the political questions of that time because the politics and religion used to be inseparably wedded. This is followed by the...
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Nunneries of Upper Lusatia between spiritual and secular power in the 16th and 17th century
Zdichynec, Jan ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Hrabová, Libuše (referee)
Convents of Upper Lusatia in the 16th and 17th century between sacral and secular power Out of the various religious and church structures of Upper Lusatia, the presented thesis focuses on the local women's religious Catholic houses, on the Cistercian convents of Marienthal and Marienstern, and the penitent sisters of Mary-Magdalene's convent in Lauban and on their domains. The period of interest is mostly 16th and 17th century. These abbeys are the only catholic institutions which have survived up to this day in the mainly protestant area. The introductory debate about monasteriologic research and about the possibilities of applying modern historical methods to the field are followed by an overview of the research dedicated to the area - both from the local and general German, or even Czech point of view. Careful analysis of the utilised resources follows. In assessing the factors that allowed the coexistence of institutions firmly tied to the Catholic Church and of the Protestant majority, it was first necessary to investigate the role of convents in the local society and to explore the earlier pre-reformation events. For the existence of monasteries of traditional orders was, in the early modern era, determined just as strongly by politics, (church) administration and by social and economical...
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