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Utilisation of already deposited energy by-products in cement production
Lukášek, David ; Švec, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses at study of deposited high-temperatured fly ash and its utilization in production of cement. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with the production and division of cements. The individual advantages and disadvantages of high-temperature and fluid fly ash when added to cements are addressed. The theoretical knowledge was used to design subsequent experiments. The conclusion of the theoretical part of the work deals with pozzolans. The main content of the experimental part was the analysis of raw materials and subsequent analysis of the mechanical properties of the prepared mixtures. The experiments were designed in accordance with valid standards.
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Possibilities of using yet unused secondary products from the production of titanium white
Smirnov, Pavel ; Másilko, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
Waste products are an integral part of any production. The production of titanium white is no exception. The bachelor thesis is aimed at finding an application for a secondary product, red chemogypsum which is obtained by neutralizing waste sulfate water. The thesis aimed to find a suitable application for chemogypsum in the construction industry using experiments. The calcium sulfate dihydrate was processed by drying into monohydrate, which is the basic raw material of many products. Furthermore, the composition of the material was determined. Its properties such as onset of solidification, compressive and flexural tensile strength were investigated. Gypsum plasterboards and lightweight and insulating boards were also made. This binder was also used in filling bricks with inorganic insulating material. The knowledge gained from this work can be used to further research and improve products and hopefully make realistic use of this hitherto deposited material in the future. The thesis also provides concrete examples and suggestions for the use of this secondary raw material.
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Possibilities of using laser spectroscopy for the analyses of inorganic binders and concrete
Kratochvilová, Lucie ; Hrdlička,, Aleš (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This master’s thesis is dealing with the possibility of using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of non-metallic elements (e. g. chlorine) in concrete. These elements cause degradation of concrete which leads to a shortening lifetime of reinforced concrete buildings. In the experimental part of thesis, a methodology for the determination of chlorides in concrete will be created and verified. A comparison of the single pulse and the double pulse configuration of the LIBS will be done on the samples containing only pure chemical substances with known concentrations of chlorine.
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Influence of Waste Diatomite as a Raw Material on the Properties of the Inorganic Foam Glass
Nguyen, Martin ; Sedlačík, Martin ; Sokolář, Radomír ; Opravil, Tomáš
This article deals with the manufacturing process of inorganic foam glass with utilization of waste diatomite as a raw material. The waste diatomite was first subjected to an analysis of chemical and mineralogical composition. The foam glass was formed by a powder sintering method by pressing into pellets with the addition of a foaming agent. After firing, the properties of the foam glass were investigated using an X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, bulk density, and compressive strength. The possibility of utilization of waste diatomite in raw material mixtures was investigated in accordance with the influence of firing temperature and the resulting properties of inorganic foam glass.
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Mapping the potential of secondary products from the production of titanium white
Nehéz, Samuel Emil ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the use of secondary products from the production of titanium white and its subsequent use during cement production. Secondary products from the production of TiO2 could be regarded as several kinds of sulphate waters, where by their successive neutralization gypsum by-products are prepared. The aim of the bachelor’s thesis was to experiment whether it is possible to use some of these gypsum by-products as solidification retarder in Portland cement. Cement pastes were prepared and subjected to mechanical and analytical examinations. During the mechanical examinations, strength in pressure during bending and strength in pulling for the duration of 60 days were monitored. The material from tested bodies of pastes was reviewed by x-ray difraction analysis after 7 and 28 days. Just as was determined the optimum W/C, initial and final setting time. The prepared samples with the gypsum by-product as their content had some features comparable with commercially used cement.
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Possibilities of using waste diatomaceous earth
Jonešová, Markéta ; Másilko, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
Waste diatomaceous earth is a by-product generated during a production of diatomaceous earth for filtration. It is a material with very specific properties, which has currently no use other than backfilling of mining areas. For this reason, this Bachelor thesis deals with exploration of potential utilization possibilities of this remarkable material. Analysis of the waste diatomaceous earth will be carried out, and the chemical and physical properties will be determined. During experimental part, a set of calcination tests will be carried out and evaluated with focus on properties of the waste diatomaceous earth, which could be significantly increased by the calcination process. For example, a pozzolanic activity could be significantly affected.
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Study of particles of various cosmetic pigments
Cerevatova, Kristina ; Opravil, Tomáš (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The main focus areas of this master thesis include the writing of a literature review, which contains an overview and segregation of pigments which are used in the preparation of cosmetic products. The thesis is focused on the properties and characterization of pigments for use in cosmetology. The following focus is on legislation, more specifically on pigments that the cosmetic industry allows, limits and does not allow. The main part of this thesis is an overview of methods for the characterization of pigments. The practical part deals with the characterization of particles of selected cosmetic pigments by applying methods for determination of color, elemental and phase composition, particle size and morphology. The thesis is concluded by evaluation of the achieved results.
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Monitoring of alkali-silica reaction
Doležal, Martin ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
Due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), concrete structures are damaged, which can lead to the loss of their useful properties. For the reaction to take place, the presence of alkalis is required. During the work, the release of alkalis into the pore solution was monitored. During hydration pore solutions were taken, on the basis of calorimetric curves. In pore solutions the K+ a Na+ content was analyzed by ICP-OES. The result is graphs of the development of alkali content and their relationship to cement hydration. The danger of the alkali in tested samples for the course of the reaction is described here. The description of the alkali content and its development is important for understanding the course of ASR and proposing a viable solution to protect against this problem.
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Monitoring of corrosion of refractory lining
Taraba, Vojtěch ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on the monitoring of corrosion of refractory lining in the cement rotary kiln, chemical and mineralogical changes of the refractory and their influence on the lining properties. Magnesia-spinel refractories located in the lower transition zone are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy.
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Evaluation of properties of coal combustion solid residues
Cesnek, Ľuboš ; Bílek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis focuses on condition monitoring of a stored high-temperature fly ash and its properties over time. The high-temperature fly ash comes from a dumping where it has been aggregated over several years. Samples of fly ash used for our analysis were taken from a bore-hole with a depth of 38 meters. Subsequently, detailed analyses of the fly ash from individual depth levels were performed. Furthermore, mechanical properties, volume stability and changes in weight of the prepared test beams were tested. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate suitability of using fly ash from a dumping site as a pozzolanic admixture in cement pastes.
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