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Economic crime and its prevention
Trešlová, Johana ; Zoubková, Ivana (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis is to define the term "economic criminality" and the terms related; the role of economic crime within the legal doctrine itself as well as in the Czech legal system over the course of time; determining the specifics of economic crime while stressing the role of the offender, efficiency of punishment, control and prevention of this type of crime. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first part is dedicated to the definition of crucial terms on the national and international level. I also described the legislative evolution of economic crime and the protection of possession in the Czech legal system. I listed economic crimes de lege lata, while at the same time remembering the crimes that do not fall under the economic crimes section per se. Later on, I comment on some particular attributes of economic criminality with special focus on the profile of the perpetrator which is rather atypical. This fact unfortunately makes the efforts of the law enforcement authorities so much more difficult and it complicates their work especially towards construction of the adequate preventive measures etc. I also dedicate one section to the topic of corporate criminal liability which has a strong connection to the economic crime. The victims of economic crime find themselves in...
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The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology
Miškovská, Bára ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology In my diploma thesis, I have focused on the offender's personality in Criminology. Even though the personality of each person is individual, it still has some features that are common to more offenders. By describing these characteristics and factors, I tried to find the answer to the question whether a person is predestined to be a killer or whether it depends on our decisions. In connection with this, I was asking myself whether it is possible to know in advance that someone has a predisposition to be a killer or whether murder can be prevented. Can we choose our destiny? The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. After defining the basic concepts, in the second chapter I describe the offender's personality from the point of view of psychology, criminology and criminal law. In the third chapter I provide an overview of criminological theories, formed during the development of criminology, where a divergence from the conception of born criminal is perceptible. The fourth chapter is devoted to individual types of offenders and is complemented by chapter five that deals with factors that affect criminal behaviour. The second part of my work is divided into five chapters, where the chapter six and seven deal with a murder and a personality of...
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Hütterová, Olivia ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
A Abstract of the thesis "The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology" Offender's personality is a summary of various aspects influencing one's behaviour in regards of a set offence. This paper focuses mainly on criminological and psychological aspects of people who commit violent crimes. It summarizes different typologies of offenders, schools of criminal causes, various aspects of personalities, and discusses prevention of criminality in the Czech Republic. In addition, it focuses greatly on stalking from theoretical as well as practical point of view through an extensive case study. The main foundation for this case study is a court case from early 2008, further anonymous due to request of the Municipal Court in Prague. Even though this case took place before stalking was recognised as a criminal offense in the Czech Republic, it served greatly as a foundation for its recognition, and thus plays a vital role. The main research questions of this thesis are a) "Why do people commit violent crimes?", and b) "What are the main intentions behind it?". With deeper understanding of the knowledge of offender's personality and motivation, findings of this paper can serve as a significant tool for prevention of criminal behaviour in society. The major research goal was to conduct the case study, and show...
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Janoušová, Lenka ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
"The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology" The main purpose of this thesis was to enlighten the offender's personality in terms of the causes of criminal behavior. The opening chapter clarifies the basic terminology used in the thesis. These are specifically criminology, criminality and delinquency and the term offender - there is explanation of the difference between criminological point of view and the viewpoint of criminal law. Criminology deals with the personality of offender and with searching of characteristics typical for the offenders already over one century, therefore the next chapter focuses on criminological schools and significant criminological theories. However, the efforts to create complex typology which could identify the offender and distinguish him from the rest of the population were abandoned. Third chapter describes current approaches to offender's personality, its psychological research and there is also mentioned motivation of offenders for committing crimes. Main topic of the second half of this thesis is personality of offender of violent crimes with the specific focus on personality of offenders of domestic violence crimes. Unfortunately, there are no specific signs of these offenders and offender of violent crimes including domestic violence can be...
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Cultural criminology and narrative analysis
Vacková, Markéta ; Čírtková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
The theme of this thesis is Cultural criminology and narrative analysis. The work is divided into four chapters that focus on the subject of cultural criminology, its methods and benefits. The first chapter introduces cultural criminology, its main concepts, influences and development. The second chapter presents selected methods of cultural criminology in detail, namely ethnography and media analysis. The third section describes in detail the narrative analysis and its benefits. In addition, this chapter provides an example of using this method of narrative analysis in a document created by Anders Breivik before his terroristic attacks in Oslo, Norway in July 2011. Finally, the third chapter introduces the narrative criminology, criminological approach to the study of crime that is emerging as an independent forensic industry. The fourth chapter summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of cultural criminology and its possibilities as a criminological movement. The aim of this thesis is to present cultural criminology - new theoretical and methodological approach to the study of crime that places crime and its control in the context of culture. The objective of this thesis is to acquaint readers with how this trend evolved, with its subject, methods and theoretical foundations. This work presents how...
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Ways to reduce recidivism in the Czech Republic: Recosialization of people in prison and after release
Doleželová, Olivie ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
This work is about the problem of high recidivism rate in the Czech Republic, which highlights the inefficiency Czech prisons in their resocialization function, ie. the effort to reintegrate people into society after imprisonment, who are at risk of social exclusion and criminal recidivism,which is called tertiary crime prevention as a process. The phenomenon of recidivism is very complex - includes the issue of social exclusion, racial discrimination, addictology and the crisis of social mobility in society. It must be patiently addressed on many levels, using long-term strategies. The effective functioning of the penitentiary care focused on prevention in the objective of any society. Reducing recidivism means reduced costs from the state budget, ensuring the safety and protection of the entire society from criminal acts provides a suitable environment for the development of the whole society, and providing care for those who clashed with the law, it is important in terms of social justice. Social stigma of criminal history is often worse than the actual time behind bars.
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Rosůlková, Jana ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This diploma work deals with problems of offenderś personality from the criminological point of view.The first chapter explains primary terms which are necessary for understanding of given matter,here after I introduce the state of crime -rate in the Czech Republic during the period of 2006-2009 and constitution of offenders from the age and sex point of view. In the fifth chapter I introduce one of many offender typologies. After that I concentrated on the criminality of youth,its specification,state and structure.The eighth chapter deals with prevention, its meaning and kinds of preventive measures.
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Poláková, Eva ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
of the thesis "The issue of perpetrator personality in criminology" The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the personality of perpetrators and their criminal motivation. Special atention is payed to the different reasons of their criminal behavior. The thesis consists of the two main parts: the first one is theoretical and provides a base for the second part, which is concerned with a particular criminal case. Chapter one defines basic terminology, used in this thesis. It deals with problems between terminology, used in criminal law and in criminology. Chapter two focuses on theories that evolved throughout the history, in order to understand particular criminal behavior. Chapter three is about modern approach to study the perpetrators' personality, used in forensic psychology. The following chapter concerns the criminal motivation and points out some of the problems that terminology differences may cause. It reveals that on the field of criminal law, we often see an outdated terminology, in comparison with psychology, which does implicate problems in practice. Chapter five describes the capital crime - the murder. It deals with the contemporary Czech legislation and the classification of murders. Chapter six is divided into three parts, which are all related to the topic of serial murders; the...
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Ďurčeková, Blanka ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Scheinost, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis is concerned with question of offender's personality from the criminological point of view. In first few chapters I introduce some basic criminological theories and typologies and I tried to put together a general psychological profile of the offender. In the following part of thesis I deal with recidivist offenders, women delinquency and juvenile delinquency. In the last chapter I tried to analyze offenders in the Czech Republic, according to factors of age, gender and nationality, based on data from crime statistics.
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Criminological aspects of crime recidivism
Oliberiusová, Jitka ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
The issue of criminal recidivism represents a significant social problem. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the problematics of criminal recidivism, gather available information related to this topic, evaluate current measures used to counter recidivism and propose possible ways of increasing their efficiency The thesis consists of five main chapters, which are divided into smaller subchapters. Chapters are focused on different aspects of criminal recidivism. The initial foreword is followed by the first chapter, which is focused on different perceptions of the term "recidivism". Subchapter describes dealing with recidivism in terms of its recourse (nebo sanctioning) within the Czech legal system. The second chapter reflects the current state of recidivism in the Czech Republic. It shows that the statistics concerning recidivism within the whole concept of criminality differ in judicial, police and prison statistics according to different perceptions of this term. The third chapter summarizes the causes of criminal activity. It is divided into two subchapters. The first part looks at the "outer"causes of recidivism. As a specific cause it refers to imprisonment, which is analyzed to higher extent. The second part presents the recidivist's personality and its role in committing illegal...
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