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Mutations in brassinosteroid biosynthetic genes and their effects on plant phenotype
Frimlová, Klára ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Brassinosteroids are important group of phytohormones, whose presence affects anatomy, morphology and development of plants. They occur in all vegetative and mainly generative organs. Brassinosteroids are biosynthesized via two main paths named early C-6 oxidation pathway and late C- 6 oxidation pathway. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes from the group of cytochrome P450. Gene mutations - which affect brassinosteroid biosynthesis - have been studied especially in Arabidopsis thaliana L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Oryza sativa L. Mutations lead to changes in the composition and amount of brassinosteroids in plants. The reduced content of brassinosteroids is manifested by typical phenotype that includes reduced growth, reduced size of plant organs, and dark green leaves in mutant plants. The mutant phenotype can be reversed by exogenous application of brassinosteroids, which is nevertheless dependent on the concentration of the brassinosteroids used. Higher concentrations of brassinosteroids cause mostly inhibition of root elongation. Keywords: brassinosteroids, biosynthesis, mutant, phenotype
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Visualization of cell structures in leaf cells of Malus domestica as a tool for study of Malus-Venturia inaequalis interactions
Zajícová, Iveta ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Apple scab, the most serious disease of apple is caused by fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Knowledge about the apple response to apple scab attack on the cellular and tissue level is insufficient. For studies of Malus-Venturia interaction on the cellular and tissue level, the establishment of methods for cell structures visualization in apple leaves is necessary. In this work, the experimental plant material grown in vitro and ex vitro was successfully established and the method of apple infection by conidia of V. inaequalis was optimized. Various methods of cell components visualization such as vital staining, in situ immunolocalization, transformation, environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, were tested. Cell structures, such as the cytoskeleton, the cell wall and the cuticle were visualized in apple leaves. Preliminary experiments following specific the changes of cell wall structures induced by V. inaequalis attack were performed. Further, changes of cuticle structure, the first barrier for penetration of pathogen to plant tissues during infection, were observed during the leaf ontogenesis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Pharmacologically active compounds in hops
Pýchová, Kateřina ; Cvrčková, Fatima (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
The hop plant (Humulus lupulus) is used not only in brewing but also in phytopharmacology and phytotherapy. Among the isolated or chemically produced substances used for healing are xanthohumol, 8-prenylnaringenine and α and β-bitter acids. Nowadays, a lot of attention is paid to their effect on humans - especially to their anticancer activity. But there is a lack of information about the importance of these substances for the hop plant itself. Most of the plant secondary metabolites originally serve for protection of the plant against pathogens and herbivores. The selected metabolites are not an exception. The purpose of this work was to summarize the published data about the biological importance of selected hop secondary metabolites and the effects they have on other organisms than plants, with an emphasis on humans.
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Survey of areas of water management sites
Mašková, Petra ; Tuček, Pavel (referee) ; Kalvoda, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is the creation of the thematic map of a planimetric and altitudinal situation of three water supply sites in the city of Zdar. Part of the map is approximate no dimension plotting of existing engineering networks. The thesis deals with all stages of making thematic map - reconnaissance, construction of the auxiliary survey network, own surveying and processing of obtained data. The survey was performed with using RTK and tacheometry, the map was processed in the Micro Station environment. The final thematic map will be then entered into the owner information system of the related parcels of the firm ZDAS for the administrative and operational purposes.
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Oil economies in the Middle East and North Africa and their development prospects
Mašková, Petra ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Cihelková, Eva (referee)
The thesis focuses on the progress of the oil economies in MENA since 90's. Due to the outbreak of unrest in the Arab world, the thesis deals with the political area and causes leading to the Arab Spring. The importance of oil in the world economy and it's discovery in the Middle East and North Africa increased strategic importance of this region. Arab countries have for the past three decades undergone significant social, economic and political transformation and their oil wealth played a major role in this transformation. The first chapter focuses on economic theory dealing with raw materials and their impact on economic growth of countries. The next chapter focuses on presentation of the MENA region. The third chapter deals with the development of four selected countries - Algeria, Egypt, Syria and Libya since 90's, the impact of the global financial crisis on Arab countries and the Arab Spring.
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Western Balkan Integration and the EU
Mašková, Petra ; Bič, Josef (advisor)
The goal of my work was to obtain a comprehensive overview of how the Western Balkan countries fulfill the conditions required for EU membership, the role played in the stabilization process and what are the results of the integration processes.
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