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Head teachers’ salaries: long overlooked
Korbel, Václav ; Münich, Daniel ; Smolka, Vladimír
School leadership staff (head teachers and their deputies) are crucial to teaching quality. Pay for primary school leadership staff in the Czech Republic, however, is not closely monitored in the long term, despite the fact that pay influences the efficiency of managerial work and educational leadership and, moreover, affects potential candidates’ motivation to apply for school leadership roles. For our analysis, we use employee level data from the ISPV database of salary statements for the years 2017–2021. The classification used in the ISPV database does not enable us to distinguish between different leadership roles – head teacher vs. deputy – so our analysis looks at sets of school leadership staff as a whole. We analyse their average total gross monthly salaries, the average value of bonuses, the variability in their pay range and the factors that influence the amount of their pay and its variability.
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Evolution in Czech public attitudes towards war refugees from Ukraine
Münich, Daniel ; Protivínský, Tomáš
In the wake of Russia’s military assault on Ukraine at the end of February 2022, an atmosphere of solidarity prevailed in the Czech Republic and most of the Czech population supported the country’s intake of war refugees. By the end of November 2022, that support had fallen by approximately one quarter. Czechs’ perceptions of how well integrated Ukrainians were into Czech society worsened similarly. This change in Czech public attitudes over time did not, however, stem primarily from personal or first hand experience of welcoming refugees, rather, it was related to a gradual decrease in public interest in the conflict after the initial shock of it first beginning. Although several aspects of Ukrainian refugees’ integration improved in real terms in the second half of 2022, for example in relation to schools and to the labour market, this progress was not reflected in Czech public opinion.
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Czech women’s heads and hands remain unused
Grossmann, Jakub ; Münich, Daniel
This analysis maps life-long profiles in the unemployment rate and hours worked by Czech women and changes in these over the past twenty years. Its key findings are presented in the form of graphs with commentary. The economic and statistic details are provided in the accompanying texts.
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Unemployment in the period of COVID-19: June 2022
Grossmann, Jakub ; Münich, Daniel
The effects of the covid-19 crisis on registered unemployment are hardly observed anymore. Adjusted for seasonal effects, the registered unemployment rate fell again in June '22. The Czech Republic remains the country with the lowest unemployment rate in the whole EU. Differences in the impact on women and men, occupations, education and age groups are still present but small. A potential threat to the overheated Czech labour market is the projected autumn slowdown in European economies.
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Nezaměstnanost v období COVID-19: březen 2022
Grossmann, Jakub ; Münich, Daniel
Dopady krize covid-19 na registrovanou nezaměstnanost již téměř odezněly. Odhlédnuto od sezónních efektů, obecná míra nezaměstnanosti v březnu ’22 poklesla. Česko zůstává zemí s nejnižší mírou nezaměstnanosti v celé EU. Rozdíly v dopadech na ženy a muže, profese, vzdělanostní a věkové skupiny jsou stále přítomné, ale malé.
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A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Transitions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Central and Eastern European Countries
Solieva, Viktoriya ; Münich, Daniel (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Economic transition is a pivotal part of the economic development of the post- communist countries. Some countries were more successful than others in the develop- ment of adequate reforms that allowed the economy to grow. In this study I provide a comparative analysis of the experience of economic transition in the Republic of Uzbek- istan and Central and Eastern European countries. To do so, I use the key features of economic transition and provide statistical evidence together with data analysis, which allows me to draw conclusions on similarities and differences between the experiences of the countries of interest. Furthermore, I am able to provide some policy recommen- dations, including a switch of inflation-fighting methods and a suggestion regarding existing monopolies. This research contributes to the studies on economic transition and, additionally, to the studies on the new economic reforms in the Republic of Uzbek- istan. Keywords: Economic Transition, Uzbekistan, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Visegrad group, Comparison
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Teacher salaries in 2021: peak reached so what next?
Münich, Daniel ; Smolka, Vladimír
In the long term, the level of teacher salaries co-determines the attractiveness of the teaching profession and ensures sufficient interest in choosing to embark on a career in teaching. The selectivity of the profession, both in the process of university preparation and during the career itself, stimulates the quality of teachers’ work. However, these are long-term processes, occurring through continuous entry into and exit out of the profession and through further training. Therefore, the effects of teacher salaries on interest in the profession, teacher quality and educational outcomes can only be traced over a period of years, or rather decades. The level of teacher salaries relative to other salaries in the economy is an important indicator. Until 2017/2018, teacher salaries in the Czech Republic (CR) were among the lowest in the EU and top ten most economically advanced countries in the world (OECD). In 2021, however, thanks to an unusually dynamic rate of increase for several years in a row, salaries of Czech teachers reached levels significantly closer to the average of OECD and EU countries, reaching 122% of the average salaries in the Czech economy. Thus, in just a few years, the government of Andrej Babiš achieved what no previous government had managed to do: it succeeded in making significant steps towards fulfilling its ambitious commitment, which few people had believed was possible given the lack of success the past. In the coming years, maintaining the achieved relative level of teacher salaries will require increasing them at the rate of nominal wage growth in the economy. However, relative teacher salaries are likely to fall slightly to 119% in the 2022 outlook. Based on promises made in the summer following the government’s negotiations with unions, salaries are likely to remain at the same level in 2023. Teacher salaries will certainly not reach the 130% level promised by the previous and current governments, let alone the salaries of the wider pedagogical workforce.
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Differences in the strictness of grading and its impact on student educational aspirations
Münich, Daniel ; Protivínský, Tomáš
For students and their parents, school grades are a key piece of information that helps to shape educational and career ambitions. We find that 87% of Czech ninth graders with an A in mathematics want to go to university. Among students with a C, only 39% have the same aspiration. There is wide variation in the strictness of grading across Czech primary schools. On average, grades awarded can differ by as much as a full letter grade between stricter and more moderately grading schools. Even when they in fact have measurably equivalent skills, students from schools that grade more strictly have lower academic aspirations than students from schools that grade more moderately. Grades on report cards are also often among the admissions criteria for secondary schools and high schools. Differences in the strictness of grading and the crucial roles of grades in planning future educational paths can therefore lead to misguided decisions by students and parents, inefficiencies in the education system, and suboptimal allocation of talent.
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