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Spanish Scalar Verbal Periphrases and their equivalents in Czech
Rapáňová, Lenka ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with Spanish verbal scalar periphrases and their equivalents in Czech. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, first I define the concept of verbal periphrase from the viewpoint of various authors of grammar books and then I try to bring this situation closer to the Czech language. At the end of this part I characterize the selected scalar verbal periphrases with which I will continue to work. In the practical part, I first analyze the frequency of occurrence of the periphrases and Spanish verbs with which they are most often connected. This analysis is done using the corpus CORPES XXI. Then I focus on possible translations of these periphrases into Czech by using the parallel corpus InterCorp. Key words scalar verbal periphrasis, Spanish, Czech, corpus InterCorp
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Durational Verbal Periphrases in Spanish
Šandová, Dana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I focused on description and explanation of Spanish verbal durational periphrases and also on the analysis of possible equivalents in Czech. At first, I explained the term of the nature of verbal action, because this term is for understanding the durability of verbal periphrases crucial. I also explained the difference between the Czech and the Spanish verbal aspect and then I focused on the individual periphrases, mostly on the periphrases of durability and their division into two basic groups: global and partial; their explanation and description of the properties. In the theoretical part, I devoted myself to individual periphrases, of which I mostly focused on durational periphrases and their division into two basic groups: global and partial; their explanation and description of the characteristics. In the practical part I worked first with the Spanish corpus CREA, where I analyzed 4 individual periphrases according to number of occurrences and layouts in documents by topic. Then I analyzed their Czech counterparts in the InterCorp corpus, in one hundred different occurrences of the given periphrases. First of all, I compared the periphrases with partial durability (seguir + gerundium) and distributive (andar + gerundium), and then periphrases with partial durability...
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Venga, anda, vaya : grammaticalized imperatives in the contemporary Spanish
Žežulková, Jana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the gramaticalized imperatives in Spanish and to define their function in the comunication. The thesis consists of two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part is focused on the description of the differences between the traditional imperative and the gramaticalized one. It deals with the gramaticalization process and its gradual phases which entail many phonetic and morphosyntactic changes. One of the most important aspects is the description of how the imperatives lose their original meaning and gain the new signification in the comunication process; the comparison of the grade of gramaticalization and the chase in menaning of each one. The practical part is focused on four imperatives which are supposed to be the most gramaticalized - anda, venga, vaya and vamos. Firstly, they are described and defined in various kinds of comunication context; secondly, they are compared with the Czech version in the parallel linguistic corpus Intercorp. The purpose is to find the Czech equivalents, what is the Czech expression of the meaning of the Spanish gramaticalized imperatives and the way of their contribution to formulation of the pragmatic meaning of the statement. Key words: Spanish - imperative - grammaticalized imperatives - pragmatics...
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Specifics of language in flamenco lyrics
Miltová, Barbora ; Krinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mištinová, Anna (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with a theoretical description of phonetic and lexical charasteristics that appear in flamenco lyrics. For many inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and also for visitors who have visited this area, flamenco represents one of main symbols of Spain. For Andalusians flamenco symbolizes more than that. Andalusians don't percieve flamenco as a denomination of a musical genre, as a fusion of traditional Spanish folk music and dance, but for them it represents one of the most authentic ways of perceiving, feeling and interpretation of life and world. This Bachelor Thesis is divided into three main chapters. Each of them is aiming to examine flamenco from different perspective. The first chapter focuses on history, description of basic styles and explanation of the term flamenco itself. The following chapters deal with linguistic description of various language components from which flamenco lyrics are composed, that means Andalusian Spanish, Caló and Germanía. Theoretical description of linguistic phenomena is subsequently documented on examples from selected songs, most of which come from work of Spanish folklorist Antonio Machado y Álvarez, Colección de cantes flamencos: recogidos y anotados por Demófilo.
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Spanish of Yucatán
Fantová, Tereza ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of the dialect of Spanish at Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). The work is divided into three sections. In the first part, the basic concepts related to the subject of the work are delimited. The second part focuses on the evolution of Spanish and Amerindian languages in Mexico, as well it includes the linguistic situation at Yucatan Peninsula and characterizes the Mayan languages. As for the third part, it consists of the analysis of Spanish of Yucatan, it includes descriptions of characteristics of phonetics, morphology and lexicology. The work emphasizes the influence of Mayan language on the dialect.
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The neoclassical composition in modern Spanish
Navrátil, Cyril ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
Cyril Navrátil FF UK Universita Karlova Románská studia - NMgr. Hispanistika 2013/2014 Abstract The purpose of this essay is to study neoclassical composition. The denomination of this method of word-formation already caused disagreements among the linguists. Many authors name it prefixation (affixation), while others believe that it is a special type of composition, whose components (or at least one of them) take their origins from Latin or Greek. Even though the majority of the Spanish lexicon comes from these languages (mainly from Latin), this type of composition follows some particular rules. In this essay, we do not intend to say who is right and who is wrong, but to demonstrate the current situation of the neoclassical composition in modern Spanish, using the corpus. Nevertheless, it is not possible to completely ignore the different points of view of these authors, who are acclaimed in the academic world. Therefore we decided to divide this study in a theoretic part and a practical one. In the theoretic part, we will recapitulate the terminology used and we will try and choose the most convenient definition for this method. In the practical part, we will see twenty examples of Greco-Latin elements: auto, cida/cidio, cracia/crata (arca/arquía), cripto, crono, eco, euro, filo/filia, foto, narco, neo,...
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Arabisms in Contemporary Spanish
Bělehrádková, Kateřina ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the Arabic influence on contemporary Spanish. It consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on the historical and sociolinguistic context of the occurrence of the Arabisms in Spanish, types of loanwords in Spanish, division and description of Arabisms from the phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexicological, semantic and phraseological point of view and their use and potential disappearance. The practical part consists of a corpus study carried out using the newest Spanish corpus CORPES XXI, concerned with the frequency of the occurrence of the Arabisms beginning with al- in the contemporary Spanish and their semantic classification. Key words: Spanish - Arabic - loanword - lexicology - corpus
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Function of verb paradigms of "hablara" a "hablase" in Present-Day Spanish
Rýdlová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This theses is dedicated to the use of the verbal paradigms hablara and hablase in contemporary Spanish. We demonstrate that due to historical reasons the usage of paradigm hablara is much wider than that of hablase, which can be used only in the subjunctive meaning. According to the valid linguistic norm, the paradigm hablara (and not hablase) can be used instead of the Past Perfect (although it is not recommended). The same is evidenced with the conditional tense of the modal verbs querer, deber and poder as well as with the main clause of the unreal conditional clauses in the present tense. This means that these two verb paradigms can be arbitralily substituted only when used in the subjunctive function. On the basis of our own frecuency analysis of twenty most used Spanish verbs in the language corpus CREA, we prove that the frecuency of the hablase on average 18% in Spain and 10% in Latin America. Our analysis of this corpus material does not confirm the statement of some linguists that the frecuency of -se form is generally slightly higher in negative sentences. However, our analysis of a parallel corpus InterCorp seems to indicate that it is higher (by 7%) after the conditional conjunction ‚si'.
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The mutual influence of Romani, Spanish and the other languages of the Iberian Peninsula.
Krinková, Zuzana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Elšík, Viktor (referee) ; Buzek, Ivo (referee)
The language contact of the inflectional Romani and Spanish, Catalan and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula began in the first half of the 15th century. A long- term and immediate contact between Romani and a language of the majority in several places of Europe resulted in emergence of so called Para-Romani varieties, mixed languages which predominantly make use of the grammar of the surrounding language, whereas the Romani-derived vocabulary is at least partly retained. In the Iberian Peninsula several Para-Romani varieties emerged. The process of their phonological, morphological and lexical evolution from the inflectional Iberian Romani is described in the first part of this thesis. The original form of the Iberian Romani of the 15th century was - according to our opinion - similar to so called early Romani of the Byzantine period that is supposed to end by the 14th century when the Romani language started to disperse throughout Europe. The influence of Spanish (and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula) is evident not only in the morphology and syntax, but also in phonology and semantics of the Iberian Para-Romani varieties. On the other hand, the Romani elements conserved in these varieties show archaic features as well as specific innovations and many of them can hardly be assigned...
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Basic features of Spanish spoken in Andalusia
Chybíková, Zuzana ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with the definition of the main features of Andalusian Spanish, which we found in the phonetic, phonological, lexical and grammatical planes. In the introduction the important historical information explains the origins of Spanish in Andalusia. The longest section is devoted to the question of whether Andalusian Spanish is a language, a dialect, variation or even multiple variations of Spanish. This section is based on a comparison of the views of leading experts on Andalusian Spanish and is accompanied by some personal observations. This work attempts to dispel many prejudices and errors which distort the view of Andalusian Spanish. Key words: Spanish, Andalusian Spanish, linguistic planes, dialect, Spanish regional variations
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