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Comparison of the effective VAT rates in European countries
Procházková, Adéla ; Zídková, Hana (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
The main objective of this work is to calculate the effective rate of value added tax (hereinafter VAT) and its subsequent comparison with the basic statutory VAT rates. The first part focuses on the VAT itself as such and its importance in national tax systems. The second part focuses on the macroeconomic indicators of the performance of the tax burden and tax systems. Part three introduces us to an effective indicator of the average VAT rate, which is referred to as AVTR for which it is necessary to know the macroeconomic data (obtained from the national accounts of individual states) that are in this part also described. The climax of the third part, the results for the 27 EU Member States for the period 2004-2012.
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Measures against tax evasion in VAT Act
Nováková, Michaela ; Zídková, Hana (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on measures against evasion of VAT. The aim of this work is to describe the measures againts evasion in VAT Act, to compare measures in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic and describe the impacts of these measures on the tax payer and the tax administration in terms of quality. In the first part is explained the term tax evasion and described measures against tax evasion. The second part is focused on the problematic questions, which relate to new measures in the Czech Republic. In the third part are described the measures against evasion in Slovak Republic, these measures are compared in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic and described the possible impact of these measures on VAT payers and tax administrator.
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Environmental taxes in OECD countries
Franková, Martina ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
The object of the diploma thesis is to analyse the environmental taxation in the OECD countries, to inform the readers about the development of environmental taxes and current trends in tax revenues from environmental taxes. The thesis is also focused on the structure of revenues from environmental taxes, the significant part is created by energy taxes, especially by taxes on motor fuels. Attention is also paid to taxation of carbon dioxide, according to the OECD the carbon taxes are one of the effective tools to reduce CO2 emissions, which is important to achieve the targets set under the Kyoto Protocol. The explicit carbon taxes are applied in the 12 tax systems of 12 OECD member countries and in the Canadian province of British Columbia. An increase of the countries applying carbon taxes since 2010 demonstrates the increased demand for this tool in recent years. The object of the last part of the thesis is to analyse whether declining tax burden on labour while increasing tax burden on energy is put into practice.
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The impacts of the new Civil Code on taxation of immovable property VAT
Pěničková, Zuzana ; Zídková, Hana (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
Number of areas, including the VAT one, were hit by recodification of private law since 2014. Number of areas, including the VAT, were hit by recodification of private law since 2014. This thesis focuses on analysis of the taxation progress of selected immovable property in years 2013 to 2015 and also on description of changes, that have occured - mainly due to the introduction of the new Civil Code. The reader finds a detailed comparison of selectedimmovable property and its supply according to the new Civil Code, the VAT Act and the Council Directive 2006/112/EC. The emphasis is placed on factual application of the theoretical findings (on the selected set of transactions) and the quantification of the impacts on the amount of the output tax in each year in the practical part of the thesis.
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Tax System of Canada - Historical Development and Current Trends
Broulím, Jaroslav ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the tax system of Canada. The object of this thesis is to analyze a tax system in terms of economic and political situation of the country. The reader should acquire an overview of current version of income tax. The main attention in this thesis is dedicated to federal income tax as well as province income tax in Ontario. Taxation of income of individuals in Canada is a significant source of revenue for public budgets. Furthermore, this work compares calculation of income tax within Canada and the Czech Republic and describes the differences among provinces in Canada. The conclusion contains a complete assessment of the findings presented in this work. On the basis of such a diploma thesis, the reader should acquire a complex insight into the Canadian tax system and specifics of income tax in province Ontario.
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Taxation of mineral resources extraction
Medunová, Lucie ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the approaches of the taxation of the mineral resources in chosen developing and developed countries and to introduce different ways of mineral resources taxation used in the world. The thesis mainly deals with taxation of an extraction of petroleum, which is one of the most important resources. Selected countries are Nigeria and Angola, which are the largest petroleum producers in Africa from at the forefront of world rankings, followed by Russia, which is currently the largest petroleum producer in the world and finally the United Kingdom and Norway which are among the largest producers of petroleum within Europe.The first chapter of this thesis deals with the characterization of minerals. The second chapter shows the ways and specifics of their taxation. In the third part there are the characteristics of developing and developed countries and the differences in their economies and ways of taxation. There are also provided basic information about the selected states. The ways of the taxation of mineral resources in five selected countries and their comparison are presented in the last chapter.
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The development of tax collection from personal income tax in the Czech Republic
Šubová, Lucie ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis analyses the development of tax collection from personal income tax in the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2012. The first chapter describes the tax reforms that took place in the period in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it describes the relationship of collection and GDP. In the second chapter I analyse the PIT collection as whole. By regression and correlation analysis I shall identify the relationship and the degree of dependence between collection and different variables such as GDP, the number of taxpayers, unemployment and sub-collections. In the third chapter, the PIT collection is divided into three sub-collections -- levied on tax returns, from employment and withholding. Each of the sub-collection is analysed separately. I describe factors that in a given year or in group of years the most influenced their size. By regression and correlation analysis I shall identify the relationship and the degree of dependence between the sub-collections and GDP. Likewise, I shall identify the relationship and the degree of dependence between the sub-collections each other. In the last chapter the PIT collection is divided by individual financial authorities, ie by region. The development of tax collection in each region is analysed and by regression and correlation analysis is detected the relationship and the degree of dependence between the regional collections and GDP.
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Analysis of tax systems in selected developing countries
Přikryl, Jiří ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with tax systems of selected developing countries, especially from the perspective of a potential investor. It discusses the theoretical aspects of developing countries, their economies, and also indicates the importance of foreign direct investments. The main part deals with the tax systems of India, Vietnam and the Philippines, with a view to their analysis, description and comparison. The whole work aims to bring tax conditions in selected countries to potential investors. And also recommend the most suitable country for investment on the basis of a comparison of tax systems and foreign direct investments.
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Local charges
Kaszová, Klára ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of local taxes with the accent on dog taxes. It is divided into three main parts. The first part is a theoretical definition of financing for municipalities and characterized by individual local charges with the greatest emphasis on dog tax and qualitative evaluation on a selected group of municipalities, the result is a detailed description applied for an exemption which vary considerably between cities. The second part deals with the taxation of international comparison of animals in our country and in the European Union, including a comparison of rates and specifications, including recommendations for the Czech Republic. The last part of dox tax analyzed from the perspective of the revenue from the fee depending on the individual tax rates or the number of registered dogs. There is also a development compared rates for the years 2002 and 2012, and the different categories. The analysis shows that the rate of fee increases along with the increase of the maximum possible rate and the number of dogs is dependent on the rate of the fee.
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