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The percetion of equality in the US
Černochová, Johana ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis analyses the perception of equality in the United States in the context of today's high economic inequality. The main characteristic feature of this perception is the emphasis on the equality of opportunity. According to this ideal, America is the land of equal opportunity to achieve success, which depends on hard work and talent, not on family wealth. This concept is often considered as the opposite of the so-called equality of outcomes, which demands more even distribution of wealth, and which is usually perceived as foreign to American values. However, the large economic inequality, which is even much higher in America than in other advanced countries, has provably negative impacts on the general possibility of fair equal opportunity. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to verify the assumption that in the context of today's high and rising economic inequality, these negative impacts on the real state of equal opportunity must also find expression in the actual American perception of equality. Based on the analysis of an extensive set of public opinion surveys, it concludes that a certain change in the perception takes place. The emphasis on the equality of opportunity is still crucial, but the findings of the thesis do not support the notion that larger equality of outcomes is...
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The Loving v. Virginia Case and its Impact on the Current Debate about Sexual Minority Rights
Sechovcová, Anežka ; Mertová, Viktorie (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis addresses the impact of the Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia on the U.S. public debate concerning the rights of sexual minorities, concentrating on the right to marry. In the 21st century, the LGBTQ rights supporters have focused primarily on the same- sex marriage legalization. In that effort, they considered the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case analogical and they have employed the arguments used in this case to support legalization of same-sex marriage. The Supreme Court decision in the Loving v. Virginia case banned anti- miscegenation laws all over the United States and declared the right to marry to be a fundamental right of all American citizens. This became a key argument in the efforts to legalize same-sex marriage and especially in the 2015 Supreme Court decision in the case Obergefell v. Hodges which has made same-sex marriage legal in the whole U.S. The thesis first gives a historical overview of gay rights in the U.S. which is important for understanding the key court decisions and for making the parallel between interracial marriage and same-sex marriage. Then a content analysis of selected articles from the Washington Post and New York Times journals is provided, reflecting the presence of the interracial marriage (or the Loving v. Virginia case) and same-sex...
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U.S. Polarization in Congress: The role of Congressional Member Organizations in the House of Representatives
Hodboď, Dominik ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis aims to contribute to the current academic debate on contemporary polarization in the U.S. Congress. The paper provides a brief overview of the relevenat existing literature and schools of thought on the issue. As part of the thought direction which steers away from definining roots and causes of polarization among the general public but rather sees them as issues of the political elite, this thesis highlights the need to focus on individual Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) in the House of Representatives and their connection to polarization. By applying an existing dataset accepted among political science scholars as the key tool for measuring polarization, the thesis seeks to affirm the presumed ideological differences among the individual CMOs (or caucuses). The main part of this thesis which adds value to further discussion is the case study of all roll call votes of the 114th House of Representatives examining voting cohesion of the studied caucuses. The aim of this study is to show to what extent the CMOs are in fact consistent voting blocs and how influential they can potentially be within the political elites in the House of Representatives and to what level they may be contributing to the contemporary polarization.
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Violation of human rights within the American War on Terror: Case study Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib
Žižková, Andrea ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
The principle aim of my work titled "Violations of human rights within the American War on Terror: A case study of Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib" is an attempt to show that violations of human rights, in prisons built by the United States for suspected terrorists, were not only committed by a number of lower-ranked soldiers, but by the American government, who provided suitable conditions for such practices. By becoming familiar with the basic principles of international treaties and agreements covering human rights and the rights of prisoners, as well as by examining American orders and memoranda after September 11th, this paper introduces the environment in which the controversial actions against prisoners could have arisen. Practices that violate international principles are explored in two main chapters, derived from the prisons in which they were committed. A separate section is also dedicated to the status of enemy combatant, which the United States decided to use to label all captured members of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, thus denying them due process under the Geneva Conventions. Together with all these aspects the paper provides a perspective on the difficulties of prisoners' legal rights during a unique security conflict, which the War on Terror following September 11th, 2001 undoubtedly is.
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Comparison of the Media Environment in Hong Kong and Singapore
Cápová, Michaela ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
This master thesis deals with the current situation of the media environment in two selected countries from the Southeast Asia region - Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and Singapore. The main object of the text is to create a descriptive analysis of Hong Kong's and Singapore's political and media systems and to compare the media environment of the two countries with a special focus on the freedom of the media. The comparison is based on the definition of their political systems, their constitutions and how they are respected, as well as on data published by international nongovernmental organizations focusing on the freedom of the press and the freedom of the speech. All findings will be illustrated with examples from Hong Kong and Singapore. The work is divided into four chapters. The first theoretical part defines basic terms and indexes, which measure the freedom of the press, as well as outlines the concept of Asian values and the concept of civil society. The descriptive section provides a brief summary of the history and political systems of both countries and introduces their constitutions, laws and power of political leaders. The third part of the thesis concentrates on the media environment of both countries and the role of local media. The...
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Analysis of the Selected Firm
Šmída, Martin ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee) ; Hanušová, Helena (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation is to do the analysis of the specific enterprise with the help of the theoretical knowledge and to formulate the recommendations based on the acquired knowledge from the external and internal company’s environment to encourage further development of this enterprise. The integral part of this dissertation is the application of sub instruments of the strategic analysis, concretely the SWOT analysis, SLEPTE analysis, and financial analysis. After findnig main problems, solutions will be recommended.
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