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Japanese conditionals and constructions containing conditional forms
Salanciová, Annamária ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The present thesis maps varied forms of Japanese conditional constructions. This includes morphologically marked conditionals such as V-tara, V-(r)eba, V-(ru/ta)/N(no) nara, V-to that have been studied meticulously in the previous research, but also conditionals expressed by auxiliary nouns such as V-(ru/ta)baai, V-(ru) kagiri, or by larger constructions such as V- (ru/ta)to sureba. This thesis is methodologically anchored in principles of Cognitive Grammar, following Mental Space Theory in the sense of Fauconnier (1985) and Construction Grammar in the sense of Dancygier&Sweetser (2005). The qualitative, introspective analysis points to the overlaps in the use of these forms and between other syntactic domains. Overlaps in the use stem from the shared semantic features of the forms, namely temporality, boundness to specific events and sequentiality of events in the clauses and overlaps with different syntactic domains such as temporals which are also observed with less-prototypical forms. Lastly, this thesis observes similarities between major conditional markers and the less-prototypical conditional forms. Two observations are made: Firstly, Japanese explicitly marks epistemic conditionals. Secondly, aspectual morphology may be a crucial factor in the interpretation of Japanese conditionals.
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Namahage as part of Japanese folklore traditions
Braun, Robin ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
In Japanese folklore tradition, the namahage represent characters of supernatural disposition who visit households as a part of the New Year's ritual on Oga peninsula, Akita prefecture in northern Honshū. It is a type of ritual classified as raihōshin, an event when a visiting deity, a supernatural guest from afar, visits the family and rewards their kindness with blessings, prosperity, and good harvest for the upcoming year. In the case of namahage and related Japanese rituals, the character bears two essential meanings; firstly, a ritual cleanse from last year's events and a blessing for the upcoming one, and furthermore its educational aspect when it scolds naughty children. As might be inferred from the previous sentence, numerous local variations on the namahage can be found throughout the Japanese Isles, and supernatural visiting deities, jointly called marebito, pop into people's household with wishes of prosperity and lectures to teach their children. This study's goal is to describe the namahage and the similarities and differences between them and other variants of this festivity. More importantly though, there is peculiar similarity between those characters not only in Japan, but also in a worldwide context. In cultural traditions throughout the world, we can discern characters of...
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Subjectivity, transitivity and agentivity in Japanese written discourse: a corpus analysis
Chudá, Klára ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The present diploma thesis examines the manifestation of transitivity in Japanese and English as an expression of subjectivity across registers. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether there is a difference in subjectivity, specifically transitivity and voice and its potential register-conditioned manifestation, in Japanese and English. The focus is also on whether the characteristics of the texts influence the degree of subjectivity in the same way in both languages. Subjectivity is viewed through the lens of cognitive linguistics, specifically Ikegami's DO-language and BECOME-language typology and objective and subjective construal in Langacker's Cognitive Grammar. Corpus analysis is employed to conduct a quantitative of corpus data and a qualitative analysis of selected texts from five different registers. First, we outline the theoretical framework for the present research - the notion of subjectivity according to Ikegami and Langacker in and alternative cross-linguistic views in Chapter 1, the approach to discourse and its linguistic variation in Chapter 2 and the understanding of transitivity and its manifestation in Japanese and English in Chapter 3. Methodology and hypotheses are presented in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, we present the results of the analyses, and Chapter 6 concludes the...
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A Comparison of rakugo story Minashigo and the novel Oliver Twist
Procházková, Eliška ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
(anglicky) The author of this bachelor thesis apply to comparison between the novel Oliver Twist (1838) written by Charles Dickens (1812-1870) and the rakugo Minashigo (The Orphan, 1896) which is adaptation of Oliver Twist. The author of Minashigo was Henry James Black (art name Kairakutei Burakku, 1858-1923), Australian with British origins, who most of his life lived in Japan, became citizen of Japan and actively took part in the cultural activities there. The main aim of this thesis is vy using comparative method find out what content and narrative shifts occurred between the selected texts, and what the audience or reader of the Meiji period could grasp from Black's adaptation of Oliver Twist. Keywords (anglicky) Kairakutei Burakku, Charles Dickens, rakugo, Meiji period, hon'anmono, Minashigo, Oliver Twist
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Pragmatic competence of Japanese language students in speech act of request
Fabová, Katarína ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
(english): This work focuses on pragmatic competence of japanese studies students, namely on the speech act of requesting. The aim of this paper is to find out how japanese studies students are creating requests in different situations differently from native japanese speakers. The theoretical part of this paper handles the description of pragmatic competence, pragmatic competence acquisition and problems that may arise during this process. Hereupon a general description of speech acts and also specifically speech act of requesting. Requests in japanese language, japanese textbooks for beginners, and previous research are also presented. The practical part of the paper deals with the analysis of requests created by native japanese speakers and students of japanese studies and consequently their comparison. The data were obtained from an original questionnaire created exclusively for the purpose of this study. In the final part, the acquired knowledge is summarized and the hypotheses are either confirmed or refuted.
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Extended Particles: Their Meaning and Use
Pivkač, Petr ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to explore the morphological, syntactic and particularly semantic features of expressions of the Japanese grammar, called extended particles. This research work is, in practice, carried out both in general, when there is examined the whole grammatical category of the extended particles and specifically, when there is examined a small group of semantically similar extended particles. This group includes the extended particles wo moto ni shite, ni motozuite and ni sotte, meaning they express basis for a particular action. Based on an expert literature and analysis of authentic language materials these extended particles are examined primarily for differences in their meanings. In addition to research and specification of such differences for each individual extended particle there is also determined its primary and secondary use. In the conclusion, there is a summary of the specifics of the grammatical category of the extended particles that is thereto complemented by a contemplation of the relationship of the extended particles with the process of grammaticalization. Keywords: extended particle, fukugōjoshi, particle, Japanese, grammaticalization.
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Functional Sentence Perspective Articulation in Czech and Japanese
Černáčková, Júlia ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Júlia Černáčková, Vyjadrenie aktuálneho členenia vety v češtine a v japončine Abstract (in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the differences between the articulation of functional sentence perspective in selected Czech and Japanese texts. Examined fields are the following: linear modification, semantic and contextual factors and the use of thematizers and rhematizers. Using four texts- two original texts and their translations- the main differences in the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese are defined. The first, theoretical part of the thesis presents the basic concepts of the theory of functional sentence perspective and their practical application in the Japanese language. The theoretical background of the present thesis is based mainly on the publication Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication by Jan Firbas, but other works related to this area are used and quoted as well. In the second, practical part, comparisons of the results concerning the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese obtained from the analysed texts are presented. Analysed are the distinctions in the functional sentence perspective articulation in thematic, transitional and rhematic layer of the texts and the main differences...
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Masculinity in the Work of Mishima Yukio
Mentzlová, Klára ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
This thesis analyses the construction of masculinity in the work of Mishima Yukio, whether and how it develops throughout the work and what function does it perform regarding literary composition. The works have been selected based on topic or plot and they are Kamen no kokuhaku (Confessions of a Mask), Kinjiki (Forbidden Colors), Gogo no eikō (The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea), Onnagata and Hagakure nyūmon (Yukio Mishima on Hagakure). The problematics of gender and sexual orientation is viewed through the lens of queer theory while also considering the history of same-sex relations in Japan. Keywords: Mishima Yukio, queer theory, masculinity, gender, homosexuality, Confessions of a Mask, Forbidden Colors, The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, Onnagata, Hagakure
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The Development of the Form -m.u to Forms -ó/ -jó and daró as an Example of Grammaticalization and Subjectification
Kanasugi, Petra ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Fiala, Karel (referee) ; Barešová, Ivona (referee)
The thesis is a continuation of studies of Japanese modality, however its theme is not defined based on a particular kind of modality as is commonly done in synchronic studies but based on completely or to a degree shared common origin of the studied forms. Usage and properties of Early Middle Japanese -m.u are compared with usage and properties of Modern Japanese {-ō /-jō} a darō, schematic meanings of respective forms are suggested and grammaticalization and subjectification shifts which have taken place during approximately one thousand years of development are mapped. The results of the analysis show that subjectification has taken place and that the main impuls leading to the subjectification changes was grammaticalization of suffix -m.u to ending {-ō /-jō} respectively to particle (in Narrog (1998) terms) darō, which lead to split of one schematic meanings "inclination" in general control cycle (Langacker 2002, 2009) to two separate schematic meanings "inclination" in factual respectively epistemic control cycle. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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