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Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies
Hlavačková, Kristýna ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on species identification of sand flies belonging to two genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae, genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Genus Phlebotomus together with the genus Lutzomyia of New World include the only proven vectors of Leishmania parasites and they are also carriers of viral and bacterial infections. Species of the genus Sergentomyia are proven vectors of sister genus Sauroleishmania that infects reptiles, but for several decades there have been speculations about their possible involvement in the transmission of mammalian Leishmania species. These suspicions arise mainly from repeated findings of mammalian Leishmania parasites in their digestive system. Correct species determination of medically significant hematophagous arthropods is very important especially for purposes of epidemiological studies so that efficient vector control may be correctly set. Routine identification of sand flies is based on morphological characters located mainly on their heads and genitalia. However, these characters may be variable within a species, they require certain expertise and in the field samples they may be damaged, making proper species identification impossible. This thesis therefore presents two alternatives of sand fly identification based on molecular...
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Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica
Dvořák, Vít
"Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica" Vít Dvořák PhD. Thesis, defended in September 16, 2008 Phlebotomus sergenti is the main vector of Leishmania tropica, a causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, therefore a sand fly species of great medical importance. As it has a very broad range of distribution, a notable intraspecific variability was expected and a possibility of several cryptic species was postulated with differences in ecology, host preferences and vectorial capacity, meaning important implications in diagnostics, epidemiology and medical therapy. The presented thesis studied intraspecific variability of P. sergenti by crossmating analysis of laboratory colonies with different geographical origin as well as by several approaches of molecular taxonomy deployed on specimens from wild populations collected in the field. We demonstrated that crossing is possible between P. sergenti laboratory-reared specimens from colonies originating from Turkey and Israel. Succesful mating and insemination was observed, viable hybrid F1 and F2 offsprings were obtained from both parental combinations, no statistically significant difference in the egg production was found in the hybrids. Analysis of wild populations of P. sergenti from Turkey, Israel, Syria,...
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Genus Sergentomyia and its role in the transmission of Leishmania
Hlavačková, Kristýna ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
Sand flies, members of the subfamily Phlebotominae do not occur in the CzechRepublic, but as near as in the Mediterraneantheir fauna is quite abundant. Sand flies can be found approximately between 50řN and 40řS. Species of genus Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia and Lutzomyia include medically and veterinary important vectors of viral and bacterial diseases as well as leishmaniasis, one of the most important human protozoal diseases. 321 years have passed since the first sand fly was described, but only 110 years ago intensive taxonomic work began. Over the years many classification systems have been proposed, mainly based on division of morphological characters. The classification is not clearly settled even after several taxonomic revisions and many questions remain, especially about genus Sergentomyia, which is repeatedly mentioned in connection with transmission of mammals' leishmaniasis. This bachelor thesis gives contemporary summary of taxonomic knowledge of sand flies; special attention is given to genus Sergentomyia.
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Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica
Dvořák, Vít ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; DEPAQUIT, Jérôme (referee) ; Maroli, Michele (referee)
t ( Results l. We demonstratedthat crossing b possible betweenP. sergenti laboratory-reared specimens tom coloníes originating fiom Turkey and brael. Succesful mating and irseminationwas oberved and viable hybrid Fl and F2 offEpringswercobtaínedfromboth parentalcombinatiors.No satbtically significantdíftrencewas bund in theegg production oťthehybrideswtrcncomparcd!o theparents. 2. RAPD analysš was able to dštingušh clearly beween membes of Turkish and hneli colony.When Fl pÍogenyobtainedfromthecÍossflatingstudywere includedin the RAPD anallsb, thesesamples 6rmed a dbtinct groupwith positionintermediatebetween Turkish and lsraelisubgroup,not only sharinga portionof ban& with each of the parenal coloniesbutalsoexhibitingseveraluniqueloci. The rcsultsofRAPD analysbwerc in accord with geometricmorphometricanalysb of wing shapeof P. sergentifrom TuŘey and Israe| demomtratingtbatbothmolecutarbiologyandmorphologicalapproacbesarecomplementary. 3. RAPD provedto be a rseful methodfur identificationandcomparisonof P. sergenti specimem tom two foci of cutaneors leishmaniasbin northemIsraelwhich difrr in the vector. 4. No microsatsllitemarkes pÍeviouslyšolated for otherphlebotominespecieswerc found applicableon P. sergeni. A developmentof speciesspecific microsatellitemarker panel was sbÍtedand two suitable ma*es were...
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Block of flats at Vinohrady street
Dvořák, Vít ; Šiška, Radek (referee) ; Strnad, Jiří (advisor)
The master´s thesis is focused on a design of monolithic reinforced concrete construction of an apartment building. The content of this work is design of two ceiling slabs, staircase, supporting columns, walls, girders and concrete pile construction of foundation. Thesis includes working-out of static calculation, elaboration drawing of shape, reinforcement of solved elements and evolvement of assembly drawings. The rest of the project parts are not analysed.
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Social Audit in GEOtest Brno Company
Kristenová, Lenka ; Dvořák, Vít (referee) ; Putnová, Anna (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with an actual theme, which is the business ethics and the corporate social responsibility. It includes view of main concepts. Then is documented situation in GEOtest Brno Company and realized the social audit. Results of the questionnaire research are analysed and completed by concept of introduction.
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Concrete ribbed slab
Dvořák, Vít ; Perla, Jan (referee) ; Strnad, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with a design of monolithic reinforced concrete, line supported and cross reinforced slab and a design of supporting reinforced concrete ribs. The plan of the slabs is rectangular and one time bent. The content bachelor thesis is calculation and design of reinforcement of slab and ribs. For the calculation was used software Scia Engineer 14 and was checked by manually calculation. The slab is located in the first floor of polyfunctional house. Other parts of the object are not covered by the thesis.
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The Lifestyle of Employees Working in Public Health Protection Institutions
DVOŘÁK, Vít
This Bachelor´s work is focused on the lifestyle of people working in public health protection institutions. It includes the explanation of basic structures which form the outline of this work. The newest knowledge drawn of the professional literature concerning the lifestyle, health, health support and prevention is mentioned here. In addition, some information of the legislation regulating this field can be found here.
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Investigation cholesterol in terrain, fall results on style of life examinate persons.
DVOŘÁK, Vít
The thesis is focused on the lifestyle of people with elevated cholesterol level. Fundamental terms, which are basic for the topic, are explained. The latest findings stated in professional literature on lifestyle, health, diseases, health promotion and health prevention are presented. The most recent statistical results are mentioned The first section of the thesis is focused on the issue in general, i.e. on lifestyle, the definition of health and its determinants, nutrition and stress. A large section is devoted to determinants of health that significantly affect human health. These are healthcare, genetics, environmental impacts. Therefore, the great importance of our lifestyle, which may be influenced by smoking, stress, physical activity, drug use, alcohol consumption and diet, is demonstrated. A large part of our activities can be positively influenced by ourselves. The determinants and their effects on human body are mentioned. The main focus is put on diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels, where cardiovascular disease stands first. Another aspect makes a positive side and this is healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle and practices how to positively influence our health are characterized. A specific decalogue, giving certain constrains, is outlined. And also the irreplaceable role of prevention and health promotion, which is one of activities of the public health protection authorities, is mentioned. The projects of the World Health Organization also contribute to the population health promotion. The project Health 21 is also mentioned in this thesis. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of cholesterol tests in the framework of a screening program in the South Bohemian Region carried out over the period of three years. A sub-objective was to determine the lifestyle changes in clients with the decrease in blood cholesterol levels. The main hypothesis is ? there is a rising trend in elevated cholesterol levels in the blood In the practical section the results obtained from the qualitative research focused on the lifestyle of people with elevated cholesterol levels are presented. The issues concerning their lifestyle such as physical activity, stress, smoking, dietary habits, fluid intake and sleep are investigated. The questionnaire survey and the subsequent analysis of the data obtained have shown that these persons have a more responsible approach to their lifestyle. They admit that the results of the tests focused on cholesterol levels positively affect their lifestyle. The majority of respondents positively affect their lifestyle according to theoretical recommendations. Comprehensive investigation has proved that the overall lifestyle is comparable to the general population.
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