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Health Indicators in the Sample of Respondents and Non-respondents of the Questionnaire Study
Šlachtová, Hana ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Helena (referee) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee)
The aim of the study was to compare files non-respondents and respondents from two surveys in which it was applied the same questionnaire to detect differences in the relationship of health status, lifestyle and socioeconomic status between the two studies and evaluate the impact of low returns on the validity of study results. Results of models with random effects confirmed the homogeneity of the results of both studies for most of the observed relationships. The only significant difference was found between studies in a model of psychological well-being, which was only affected by the economic situation. The source of this difference is a better economic situation of the influence of hindsight both studies. The results showed that despite the different method of distribution and collection of data and return different results are statistically significantly different. This study, along with other literary sources show that the results of investigations with an average return (45-67%) can be considered valid and is not necessary to spend additional funds to increase returns.
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Study of levels of selected toxic and benefit trace elements in human organism
Batáriová, Andrea ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee)
The work is focused on the study of variability in concentration and determination of reference values of selected toxic trace elements and benefitních in the human organism, which are monitored within the CZ-HBM (cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, selenium and zinc). The results shown here are based on concentrations of selected trace elements in blood and urine of adults and children from the locality Benešov, Plzen, Ústí nad Labem and Ždár nad Sázavou for the period 1996 - 2003. These data were processed by descriptive statistics annually. The aim was to undergo a detailed statistical analysis, taking account of indications of donors and children received a questionnaire (age, gender, location, smoking), to assess the development of long-term time series and to establish reference values valid for population groups in the period of time.
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Management of Helicobacter pylori infection and dyspepsia in primary care
Seifert, Bohumil ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holčík, Jan (referee) ; Hep, Aleš (referee)
This thesis is devoted to dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection, both significant issues for primary care. Various epidemiological and clinical studies from primary care are described. Current scientific opinions on dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection important for optimal primary care management are presented. The critical interest of the author is in the severity of complaints and assessment of the individual risk of organic disease in patients presenting dyspepsia in primary care. In another study the author contributes to understanding and mutual cooperation between gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. The thesis concludes with practical guidelines, created as a result of interdisciplinary cooperation..
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A use of epidemiology data for a cancer risk assessment and the recautionary principle
Bencko, Vladimír
The traditional approaches and study designs in cancer epidemiology have not been very successful in identifying and evaluating adequately the potential risk and/or protective factors associated with the disease. The main reasons for the failure are often due to small study sample size, and inadequate exposure information. In this paper, issues and approaches relevant to these two challenges are discussed. Multicentre study is proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism about meta-analysis of independent studies. A multicentre study of large cohort or case–control studies also offers an exciting opportunity to study the contribution of epigenetic events that may be associated with life-style and environmental risk factors for human health. Optimizing methods for exposure assessment and how to reduce exposure misclassification represent a difficult component in epidemiology studies. A potentially useful approach for improving exposure estimate is to rely on biomarkers of exposures. An example is provided to demonstrate how biomarkers of exposures could provide valuable information in addition to exposure measurements in traditional epidemiological studies. Finally, it is argued that risk assessment and the precautionary principle should not be viewed as conflicting paradigms but, rather, as a complementary approach for developing appropriate policies to address risks posed by exposure to carcinogens and a wide spectrum of other health hazards.
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Studie výskytu persistentních organických látek v ovzduší a jejich depozice na území České republiky: Díl 1: Persistentní organické polutanty v ovzduší a půdě na území ČR
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Ústav hygieny a epidemiologie, Praha ; AXYS - VARILAB, s.r.o., Vrané nad Vltavou ; Černá, M. ; Bencko, V. ; Minářová, J. ; Jech, Libor
Předmětem práce je studium obsahu POP v ovzduší a v půdě na různých místech v ČR. Dále byl proveden biologický monitoring expozice obyvatelstva ČR těmto látkám. V průběhu řešení úkolu bylo analyzováno 50 vzorků ovzduší na 17 různých lokalitách, zahrnujících průmyslové, residenční, venkovské a pozaďové typy prostředí. Na většině míst byla provedena dvě měření v létě a v zimě. Na měřícím místě v Praze Libuši byl obsah POP v ovzduší sledován celoročně.
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