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Assessing short rotation coppice poplar biomass and its determinants on former arable land in Czech Republic
Tripathi, Abhishek Mani
Forest coppice biomass, fast growing short rotation coppice (SRC) trees such as willows (Salix) and poplar (Populus) have a substantial potential of storing carbon (C), and has been considered as a sustainable source of woody dry mass. Woody dry mass production, energy efficiency and economic profitability of poplar are important and essential to be studied in Czech Republic. The aim of this PhD thesis was to predict standing woody dry mass, maximize the productivity and quantify the determinants of poplar clone J-105 (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii) under short rotation coppice (SRC) management on former arable in Czech Republic. This PhD study was carried out in Domanínek, Czech Republic (49°31´N, 16°14´E and 530 m a.s.l.). Plantations were established in high density (9,216 trees ha-1) with single stem hardwood cuttings for verification purposes and to test the performance of poplar clone J-105 on former arable land. The plantations were harvested above 15-20 cm from base in winter 2008/2009 (established in April 2001) and 2009/2010 (established in April 2002). In this thesis, short rotation woody coppice (SRWC) plantations are mentioned as SRWC1 (coppice established in 2009) and SRWC2 (coppice established in 2010), respectively. In spring 2009, SRWC1 was divided into four randomized blocks and treated with three different fertilizers such as minerals [Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)], sewage sludge and ash, lime and control (without any treatment of fertilizer). In the plantation SRWC2, no further (at beginning of second rotation-coppice) fertilizer treatment was applied. For the prediction of standing aboveground woody dry mass (AGWDM) in fertilizer treatments and control, allometric equations were developed. The allometric equations thus developed may be considered robust and site specific for poplar clone J-105. After the successful development of allometric equations standing annual AGWDM was estimated followed by annual inventory at the end of each growing season. There were no significant differences observed in allometric equations for AGWDM among the fertilizer treatments (including control) within the year over four years of study from 2011-2014. This experiment was repeated in plantation SRWC2, for which the allometric equation was developed separately, for the purpose of allocation of the aboveground and belowground woody dry mass (BGWDM) at the same site. In this plantation for estimation of AGWDM, allometric equation was developed in 2011 (after two years of plant growth in coppice) and for BGWDM, the equation was developed in 2014 (after more than four years of plant growth in coppice). In SRWC2 plantation, dynamics of annual and cumulative above and belowground woody dry mass were estimated over four years from 2011-2014, where average AGWDM were observed from 8.29 to 11.02 t ha-1 year-1 and average annual BGWDM varied between 2.50 to 3.02 t ha-1 year-1. Growth and wood production mainly depend on photosynthetic area and light efficiency. Therefore, leaf area development including leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) was studied to find a suitable determinant for aboveground woody dry mass production. In the results, maximum leaf area index LAImax was observed to be 9.5 after four years of plant growth in coppice, maximum number of LAD was 185 days after two years of plant growth in coppice and maximum RUE was observed to be 1.3 gMJ-1 in GS4 (growing season four) after four years of plant growth in coppice. LAI and LAD showed a strong positive correlation for AGWDM (R2 values ~1) while RUE showed a moderate positive correlation with AGWDM, where R2=0.50 (p=0.52). This implies that AGWDM is strongly dependent on LAI and LAD. To conclude a robust and site specific allometric equation was developed for poplar clone J-105 and also, this study confirmed that, there was no significant impact of fertilizers for maximizing the AGWDM production on former arable land. For determinants of AGWDM, it confirmed that LAI, LAD and RUE could be a good and reliable predictor of standing AGWDM in SRC poplar clone J-105 on former arable land.
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Průzkum dynamiky růstu rychle rostoucích dřevin a jejich využití v krajinářské architektuře
Miksová, Lenka
This thesis focuses on the fast-growing deciduous trees. The literature review summarized the information about fast-growing species, their attributes, advantages, disadvantages, possibilities of utilization (especially in landscape architecture), principles of cultivation. Selected species were described, categorized and the assortment was analysed. The aim of practical part was based on the original field research to evaluate growing dynamics of nine species of deciduous trees (a maximum of ten years after planting). Were assessed 225 trees of the model area in biocentre Ráječek in Brno - Černovice. Following attributes were assessed: height, trunk circumference, annual growth of the terminal and annual growth of six other shoots.
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Hodnocení růstu rychle rostoucích topolů na energetických plantážích v závislosti na počtu provedených těžeb
LHOTKOVÁ, Hana
At three experimental locations with fast growing trees (Populus nigra L. x Populus maximowiczii Henry "Maxvier" a Populus maximowiczii x Populus berolinensis "Oxford") was evaluated height of plants, average increase and number of shoots in relation to the method of establishment and the number of realized mining operations. From the point of view of the water mode in the siol for these trees are much more usable plane than mild slopes, where there is no unnecessary runoff and water is better utilized by the plant all the time growing. The poplars are search for light, therefore better growth properties show in unshaded, other unaffected locations. It is related also sensibility to heavily weedy areas and especially in the first year of growth in during creation new shoots. In good cultivation and ideal terms for growth, is poplar able for the year grow by more than 2 meters.
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Vliv stanoviště a agrotechniky na produkci fytomasy vybraného klonu topolu (Populus nigra L. X Populus maximowiczii Henry) pro energetické účely
NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta
The thesis deals with theme of fast-growing species and with the impact of agricultural practices (like choice of location, care and possibility of fertilizers usage) which are the most important factors for successful cultivation of energy tree species. The introductory part of the thesis contains an explanation of the term biomass and its possible distribution by types and ways of obtaining the biomass. Following chapters deal with fast-growing tree species. The issues of cultivation are also described here in parts like basic characteristics, history of these energy species, legislative restrictions and procedure during founding of the plantation itself, selection and preparation of locality, the use of agricultural practices (cultivation, fertilization). The practical part deals with it´s own experiment with a clone of poplar J 105 (Populus nigra L. x Populus maximowiczii Henry). This clone of poplar was planted on four experimental plots. The growth depending on the conditions of habitat and selected agritechnical measures was observed in following years. There are descriptions of conditions on all localities, chosen ways of planting and aftercare about tree vegetation. Another experiment which contained adding different types of nitrogenous fertilizers was performed in the last period of observing. Results showed that the greatest impacts on the quality of the growth of fast-growing trees have properly chosen location and aftercare about tree vegetation, at least in the first vegetation period. Addition of fertilizer seemed as important only in case of planting on nutrient very poor sites.
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Energy from Agricultural Land
Šatra, Jan ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Musil, Ladislav (referee)
Thesis is concerned with relation of usable energy and space as it's widely spread source. For this purpose are introduced not only a few indicators suitable to energy management description, but also principles of environmental assessment thinking are expained, as these help to distinguish the really sustainable ways of deriving energy from space. As examples of energy-from-space extraction are introduced photovoltaics, liquid biofuels and fast growing energy plants. After a brief entry to heat supply problematics, focus is remains on a simple case study: quantifying relationship between local heat demand and local potential production of solid biomass from short rotation coppice. This so far rather hypothetic relation is examined at the municipal level, while Central and South Bohemia regions are the target area. Soil characteristics and population census data (2001) about residental habitats are used.
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Comparison of J-105 poplar (Populus nigra X Populus maximowiczii) coppice plantations with different rotation period
Tvrský, Filip ; Štícha, Václav (advisor) ; Javůrek, Petr (referee)
The topic of the thesis are fast growing trees, specifically the Japanese J-105 poplar
(Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii). The work is divided into theoretical and practical part, which is the theoretical part of the description of the Japanese poplar, a description of the selected locations, problem description biomass in general, and is introducing legislation that topic to the available sources.
The outcome of the thesis are the results of the evaluation of revenue and growth in the Japanese J-105 poplar cultivation short rotation way in the three-year, four-year and seven-year rotation period.
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Use and Economics of fast-growing trees and their impact on the environment
Rytina, Tomáš ; Sloup, Roman (advisor) ; Dudík, Roman (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focusing on the comparison of different fast growing species of trees (poplar, willow and paulownia). A theoretically calculated yield from one hectare of plantation during its lifecycle has been used for comparison. Lifecycle has been uniformly determined to 18 years. Presumed costs and yields of poplar and willow are very similar. Due to high presumed costs for establishing paulownia plantation, lower presumed profits compared to other fast growing tree species are expected. Economic profitability is mostly dependant on climatic conditions and state support. Under current economic conditions in Czech Republic, a paulownia plantation is less profitable than other compared plantations.
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Evaluation of fast-growing poplar in Doubravice
Bezdeková, Jana ; Bažant, Václav (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Jan (referee)
This work is focused on fast-growing trees, particularly in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The introduction explains some concepts, biomass, its distribution and ways of energy recovery and environmental aspects of planting fast-growing trees. Furthermore, this work analyses the present legislation regulating the business. The main part is to perform measurements on specific selected plantation in the eastern part of the Czech Republic specifically in the village Doubravice. The measured results are compared with the end results of other authors who have conducted similar research.
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Wood seasoning of poplar Populus maximowiczii x P. nigra ´Max 1-5´ using evapo-transpiration
Švejkar, Tomáš ; Štícha, Václav (advisor) ; Jankovský, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the possibility of using evapotranspiration for efficient drying of wood. An important prerequisite is that the trees with good coppice pleated capability even after they are felled and physiologically active until they have enough water in the wood. The physiological activity sheets then accelerates the drying of wood. In search of work deals with familiarization with the problems of drying biomass possibilities of its use, and other definitions associated with this work. The main output of this work is to evaluate the decrease in water content in the wood poplar Populus maximowiczii x Populus nigra 'Max 1-5', chopped down just before the start of the growing season, due to evapotranspiration. In discussing data are compared with other available literature and summarized at the end of everything.
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Pěstování plantáží rychle rostoucích dřevin
Haluzová, Monika
This bachelor thesis is especially aimed in describing cultivation of short rotation coppice plantations in the Czech Republic. The thesis also summarizes particular growing technology and it brings overview of primary important findings in the field of coppice cultivation. There is described a suitable plantation site selection as well as the plantation liquidation. Consequently, the overview of willow and poplar clones (and species) is provided and their environmental demands. A brief history of short rotation forestry is added, where the most productive species are described. As a benchmark, the comparison between Swedish and Czech coppice plantation is provided. In the thesis, there are introduced the landscape aspects with a potential impacts in terms of agro-ecological aspects.
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