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Effect of nutrients deficiencies on root architecture and growth of winter wheat
Rattanapichai, W. ; Klem, Karel
The study of the effects of N, P, K deficiencies on root architecture and growth was tested in phenotyping platform with winter wheat (Bohemia variety). The experiment was arranged with 4 treatments: Complete nutrient, Without N, Without P and Without K. The root were grown on the surface of vertically fixed black filter paper sheets (30x60cm), covered from both sides by black plastic sheets (PVC-P). The system was setup with a micro-irrigation channel in the top of sheets to ensure circulation of hydroponic medium as hydroponic system. Eighteen days after transplanting, we took the root images by the standard RGB digital camera. To evaluate the root architecture parameters the "SmartRoot" software was used. The results showed that nutrient deficiency had effect on root architecture of winter wheat. N deficiency increase in total seminal root and lateral root length and root/shoot ratio, while P deficiency resulted in increase of mean root diameter, total root area when compared to the control. N deficiency also decreased root and shoot dry weight and total leaf area. However, nutrient deficiency slightly decreased lateral density. There was a slight effect of K deficiency on root architecture when compared to the complete nutrient application. The increasing of leaf dry weight was related with the increased of root dry weight.
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Quantification of Elements in Plant Materials by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Šerá, Luisa ; Matějková, Stanislava ; Mestek, O.
This paper describes optimization and validation of operating conditions of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for quantification of Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn in plant materials. Besides the optimization of the temperature program, the selection of the gaseous modifier and the spectral wavelengths to be measured, it was studied how the sample quantity affects the result quality of the developed method. During the validation process, the accuracy and precision of the method were checked by analysis of a certified reference material. Limits of detection were estimated by analyses of blank samples. For almost all previously mentioned elements, the method meets requirements commonly applied on analyses by ETV combined with ICP-OES.
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The care of herbal layer in garden art monuments
Baroš, Adam ; Barošová, Ivana ; Bulíř, Pavel ; Dostálek, Jiří
Metodika komplexně zpracovává velkou část postupů při péči o bylinné patro zejména v objektech památek zahradního umění. Metodika také shrnuje problematiku památkové ochrany bylinného patra, ačkoliv pouze okrajově, přesto se tohoto tématu dotýká s ohledem na její celkové zaměření. Dále metodika obsahuje základní přehled použití bylin v historii v Evropě a na území v ČR, a to z důvodu doplnění a pochopení problematiky managementu bylinného patra v památkách zahradního umění. Výše uvedené pak doplňuje také ryze praktické srovnání finančních nároků na údržbu vybraných složek bylinné vegetace.
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Efficiency of inquiry based teaching methods in elementary schools
PEŠKOVÁ, Šárka
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out the efficiency of research-based teaching in biology lessons at upper primary school. The next partial aim is the comparison of students' effectiveness during lessons with elements of exploration-based teaching (a.k.a. experimental group) and comparison of students during frontal teaching (a.k.a. inspecting group). The bachelor thesis deals with teaching methods which can be used during students' lessons at upper primary schools and concentrates on possibilities of research-based teaching. Three research-based tasks which focus on plants and their parts (root, stalk, leaf) are suggested in the thesis. The use of these suggested tasks was verified in author's own practical training in seventh grade at one of the primary schools. Individual tasks are formed and prepared in order to develop creativity, independence, sense of co-operating and exploring stated topics with others. These suggested themes can be used during biology lessons at upper primary schools. The results of efficiency of suggested research-based tasks are presented in the bachelor thesis.
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Comparison of emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from leaves of three tree species
Holišová, Petra ; Večeřová, Kristýna ; Pallozi, E. ; Guidolotti, G. ; Esposito, R. ; Calfapietra, Carlo ; Urban, Otmar
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play many roles in plants’ ecophysiology and have the potential to affect atmospheric quality due to their chemical reactivity. Rates of BVOC emissions are highly variable depending on plant species and growing condition. Our study evaluated the amounts and spectra of BVOCs emitted from three tree species. We investigated BVOC emissions from the leaves of mature Norway spruce and sessile oak saplings grown in the field and from 1-year-old cuttings of hybrid poplar grown under laboratory conditions. Emitted BVOCs were sampled on desorption Tenax tubes in parallel with gas-exchange measurements. After subsequent thermal desorption of Tenax tubes, BVOC profiles were estimated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The tree species showed substantial differences in BVOC emission rates per unit leaf area ranging between 2.33 and 25.67 nmol m–2 s–1. Spruce trees had the lowest BVOC emissions and oak had slightly higher BVOC emissions on average than did poplar. Isoprene composed more than 97% of total BVOC emissions from oak and poplar, while no isoprene emissions from spruce needles were detected. Spruce BVOC emissions were mainly composed of such monoterpenes as α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene.
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Supercritical Fractionation of Volatiles and Non-volatiles from Different Plant Sources
Topiař, Martin
The focus of this work was on using the SFE combined with different fractionation techniques (additional separator, sorption on silica gel in one step with the extraction) in a range of pressures and temperatures (9–30 MPa, 40–50 °C) to enhance volatiles in extracts from the leaves of eucalyptus. Its essential oil is widely used in cough pills or toothpastes and in addition, several studies proved insecticidal and repellent activity of eucalyptus extract.1,2 The efficiency of SFE in terms of extract composition and yield was compared with hydrodistillation. The composition of volatiles in the isolates was determined using GC-MS and GC-FID.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22015061709330 - PDF
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