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Studium produkce a imobilizace ligninolytických enzymů u dřevokazných hub
Vršanská, Martina
The doctoral thesis deals with the production and immobilization of ligninolytic enzymes produced by wood decay fungi. Part of the results was published in internationally reviewed journals with an impact factor and at conferences. The general point of view, this work has contributed to the development of knowledge in the area of immobilization, namely CLEA immobilization and the use of the immobilized enzyme to degrade organopollutans and toxic synthetic dyes commonly found as waste products of the textile industries. First part of this work examines the screening of suitable white rot fungal strains. In the study, 25 strains of white rot fungi were tested. Different copper concentrations were used as inducer of laccase activity and two different substrates (ABTS, syringaldazine). Trametes versicolor and Fomes fomentarius strains were chosen as the most promising strains for laccase production in liquid media and further testing demonstrated good degradation ability against synthetic dyes and contaminated wastewater. The second part is dedicated to the purification of enzymes (laccase) in two strains (Trametes versicolor, Fomes fomentarius). First, the laccase was precipitated with 75 wt% ammonium sulfate then the glutaraldehyde was used to form cross-linked CLEA enzyme aggregates. The third thematic area concerns the optimization of precipitation and preparation of CLEA immobilized laccase and application of free and immobilized CLEA laccase for the decolorization of synthetic dyes.
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Dřevokazné houby a jejich význam z pohledu údržby okrasných dřevin
Horáková, Markéta
This bachelor work addresses the issue of the expansion of wood-destroying fungi. It describes the theoretical part of this issue, basic composition of wood, feeding methods, description reproduction, spread of infection and general protection. Wooddecaying fungi are officials, attacking live trees, injured and dead. They cause various changes in wood and then decomposition woods. Furthermore, location was chosen, took place mapping injured trees and found species of woos-destroying fungi were determined. Follow up marking to own maps. Also care of trees been described to every species and the possibility of preventing the emergence of the disease.
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Removal of selected xenobiotics at municipal WWTP´s
Žižlavská, Adéla ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and the massive use of synthetic substances in various industries has become indispensable for our society. Unfortunately, this progress has brought a whole new kind of pollution. It is a group of substances which imagine for living organisms’ greater risk than 'normal' organic pollution. Because they have extraneous origin compared with naturally occurring compounds, they are called "Xenobiotics." It is a group comprising a large number of different substances, with dissimilar physical, chemical and biological properties such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, detergents, paints, varnishes, plastic packaging, food additives, cosmetic products, drugs, and many others. Although these substances began to enter the water cycle as early as 30 years of the 20th century, their concentration often moves to the limit of the detection limit, so their presence in the water began to be examined in more detail in the 1980s, following the development of analytical technologies chemical composition of water. The main danger of these substances is that doesn’t primarily effect on water quality, but directly affect on the organisms by confusing of the endocrine system or by directly damaging RNA or DNA, causing mutagenic changes, cancer-causing proliferation, birth defects, metabolic disorders, gender changes, the degeneration of reproductive capacity of entire populations or the disappearance of self-preservation instinct. The source of xenobiotics in the water cycle is predominantly wastewater, which generated through the wastewater treatment, which not designed to eliminate this type of pollution. he dissertation thesis deals with the issue of xenobiotics in wastewater and is divided into the theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part summarizes the xenobiotics current state of knowledge in wastewater from their history, origin, classification, possibilities of elimination to impacts on the environ
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What wood for wood buildings?
Beránková, Jitka
Cracked beams, beetles flying out of the roof trusses, rot and mold, twisted wooden planks, and other nightmares of wooden buildings users can only become a reality if no known binding wood requirements for the wooden construction. Several principles and important information on the required wood properties are brought to you by the Timber Institute in Prague.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Stavebně-technický průzkum krovové konstrukce kostela sv. Františka Serafínského v Lipníku nad Bečvou
Hašová, Jiřina
The subject of this thesis was to make a constructive-technical research on timbers of St. Francis Seraph church in Lipník nad Bečvou. This church is registered into national list of sights as a sight number 29870/8-485. It is a Gothic-Renaissance building dating from 1590-1593. The roof above the cancel and nave consists of free floors dollar beams, queen post and truss frames. The aim was to reveal biotic damage to individual elements of timbers and to determine the extent of the damage. The evaluation of timbers was based on sensory and devices research. The roof was attacked mostly house longhorn beetle, rotting, especially in places where there was high humidity. The damage was caused mainly on wall beams and camping piece of tie beams. Based on achieved results we suggested remedial measures which are intended to preserve the built of wood, which is in a satisfactory condition. This thesis also deals with dendrochronological dating where we tried to determine the age of construction by dendrochronological analysis. The roof above the nave and chancel was dated to the period 1769-1771. Thesis is completed with anatomical determination of forest species which were used in individual parts of timbers. The results provide information for planned reconstruction of monument considering its current constructive - technical condition.
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Decaying fungi on selected sites in protected landscape area Karlštejn
Tesárková, Monika ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee)
The thesis aims to evaluate the state of health of tree species growing in Karlštejn National Nature Reserve, with the main focus on ligniperdous fungi found in this location.
Data were gathered in two experimental sites near Hostím and Bubovice villages, situated in the protected landscape area of Bohemian Karst (Český Kras). Tree species were inventoried in both designated sites and list of individual species of wood decaying fungi was put together. Furthermore, the state of health of tree species was evaluated according to crown defoliation and abiotic damage.
The thesis also briefly describes the history of Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area and other related themes climatic and soil conditions, including geological and geomorphological characteristics of this region that significantly influence the natural character of the territory, including occurrence of ligniperdous fungi.
The examination and subsequent controls of the selected sites took place once a month in period lasting from April 2015 to November 2016, revealed that only common species of wood decay fungi are found in the area of Karlštejn National Nature Reserve, which is part of Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area. These fungi are commonly present in the territory of the Czech Republic, therefore no unusual or new species of wood rotting fungi were found. The Korovitka (Diatrype) is the most widespread decaying fungi in both experimental plots, but the only one found fungal patogen Sphaeropsis sapinea, which in recent years has spread further and causes death and drying of pine trees has an economic importance for this area. Due to the good health of trees were found no major differences in the defoliation of trees, up to the aforementioned black pine attacked by fungi Sphaeropsis sapinea. There was observed defoliation from 45 to 100 %. There was no significant damage abiotic species found in the areas under examination.
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Health condition of of trees in natural monument Buky on Bouřňák
Wiedenová, Barbora ; Čížková, Dana (advisor) ; Vachová, Jana (referee)
In the thesis I focused on observing the occurrence of wood-decaying fungi on tree species in natural monument Buky na Bouřňáku. Two areas of 100 x 100 m were mapped, each contained hundred trees of various kind, mostly beech (Fagus sylvatica).
The introduction summarizes information about the location and describes occurring pathogenic fungi and their expanding, biotic and abiotic damage and state of beech crowns. Observation was conducted from April to November, starting with the precise inventory of trees and their marking. Each subsequent month, I observed changes on specific tree species, recorded them and photgraphed detected fungal specimens. Individual species of wood-decaying fungi are described in my thesis.
In the field, apart from fungi, I also observed the consequence of biotic factors that were evident on trunks, branches or assimilation organs. For individual species of beech, I recorded the condition of trees based on defoliation of the crown.
The most frequently occurring wood-decaying fungi in the whole natural monument was Stereum rugosum. This fungi continues to spread and causes decline of several beech trees.
Nevertheless I think the beech forest should be left to its spontaneous development, because it is a small protected area, more correctly natural monument.
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