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Evaluation of Sources of Human Speech for Deepfake Creation
Frič, Michal ; Malinka, Kamil (oponent) ; Firc, Anton (vedoucí práce)
Voice deepfakes, powered by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, represent a dual-edge technology with significant benefits and risks. These synthetic voice outputs are increasingly realistic due to the easy access to vast amounts of digital speech data from various sources. This thesis analyses these sources’ suitability for creating convincing deepfakes. We identified and evaluated numerous speech sources and developed methodologies for assessing their quality, accessibility, diversity, and update frequency. The evaluation extended to analyzing the impact of source characteristics on deepfake quality and the effectiveness of detection by software and human evaluators. Findings indicate that all identified sources can provide sufficiently high-quality recordings to create high-quality deepfakes, often indistinguishable. Additionally, they highlight each source’s particular strengths and weaknesses (measured properties) grade. An anomaly in detection software was discovered, allowing deepfakes to be modified to evade detection. Furthermore, less than 10 seconds of human speech could suffice to create a high-quality deepfake, directly correlating the length and quality of input recordings to the fidelity of the output. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the risks associated with these sources and proposes measures for prevention and mitigation.
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