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Study of the Dissipation in Spiraling Vortical Structures
Štefan, David ; Drábková, Sylva (oponent) ; Koutník,, Jiří (oponent) ; Skoták, Aleš (oponent) ; Rudolf, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
This work deals with study of swirling flows where the spiral vortical structure appears. The main relation is to flow seen in the draft tube cone of hydraulic turbines operated out of the design point (i.e. best efficiency point). In this cases large coherent vortex structure (vortex rope) appears and consequently high pressure pulsations are propagated to the whole machine system leading to possible restriction of turbine operation. This flow features are consequence of flow instability called vortex breakdown in case of Francis turbine operated at part load (flow rate lower than optimal one). The present study is carried out using simplified device of swirl generator in order to access similar flow conditions as can be found in real hydraulic turbines. Both the dynamic and dissipation effect of spiral vortex breakdown are investigated. The first part of thesis deals with spiral form of vortex breakdown. The experimentally measured velocity profiles (LDA) and wall static pressures are correlated with numerical simulations carried out using open-source CFD package OpenFOAM 2.2.2. The high speed camera recording of cavitating vortex core is used to obtain image ensemble for further post-processing. The dissipation effect of spiral vortex structure is in detail discussed based on computed flow fields. The second part of thesis is dedicated to the application of POD decomposition to the study of spatio-temporal features of spiral vortex dynamics. Firstly the POD is applied to the both the experimentally obtained image ensemble of cavitating vortex and numerically computed static pressure fields. Secondly the comprehensive analysis of spiral vortex mitigation effect by the axial water jet is analyzed. The collaborative study employing the swirl generator apparatus designed by the researchers from Politehnica University of Timisoara in Romania is performed and changes in spatio-temporal vortex dynamic are studied. In this study the numerical data (in a form of three-dimensional pressure and velocity fields) are obtained using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent R14.
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Computational Modeling of Turbulent Swirling Diffusion Flames
Vondál, Jiří ; Klemeš,, Jiří (oponent) ; Tuček,, Antonín (oponent) ; Hájek, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The ability to predict local wall heat fluxes is highly relevant for engineering purposes as these fluxes are often the main results required by designers of fired heaters, boilers and combustion chambers. The aim of this work is to provide reliable data measured by an innovative method for the case of swirling diffusion natural gas flames and consequently utilize the data for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations represented by commercial solver ANSYS Fluent® 12.1. The subject is a large-scale combustion chamber with a staged-gas industrial type low-NOx burner at two thermal duties, 745 kW and 1120 kW. Attention is paid to the evaluation of boundary conditions via additional measurement or simulation, such as wall emissivity and wall temperature. Several in-house software codes were created for computational support. Remarkable results were obtained for low firing rate where prediction reached accuracy up to 0.2 % in total extracted heat and better than 16 % in local wall heat flux in individual sections. However, for high firing rate the accuracy significantly decreases. Consequently close attention was paid to the confined swirling flow phenomena downstream of the swirl generator. There were identified several problematic points in the prediction capabilities of utilized computationally capable, industry-standard models.
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Study of the Dissipation in Spiraling Vortical Structures
Štefan, David ; Drábková, Sylva (oponent) ; Koutník,, Jiří (oponent) ; Skoták, Aleš (oponent) ; Rudolf, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
This work deals with study of swirling flows where the spiral vortical structure appears. The main relation is to flow seen in the draft tube cone of hydraulic turbines operated out of the design point (i.e. best efficiency point). In this cases large coherent vortex structure (vortex rope) appears and consequently high pressure pulsations are propagated to the whole machine system leading to possible restriction of turbine operation. This flow features are consequence of flow instability called vortex breakdown in case of Francis turbine operated at part load (flow rate lower than optimal one). The present study is carried out using simplified device of swirl generator in order to access similar flow conditions as can be found in real hydraulic turbines. Both the dynamic and dissipation effect of spiral vortex breakdown are investigated. The first part of thesis deals with spiral form of vortex breakdown. The experimentally measured velocity profiles (LDA) and wall static pressures are correlated with numerical simulations carried out using open-source CFD package OpenFOAM 2.2.2. The high speed camera recording of cavitating vortex core is used to obtain image ensemble for further post-processing. The dissipation effect of spiral vortex structure is in detail discussed based on computed flow fields. The second part of thesis is dedicated to the application of POD decomposition to the study of spatio-temporal features of spiral vortex dynamics. Firstly the POD is applied to the both the experimentally obtained image ensemble of cavitating vortex and numerically computed static pressure fields. Secondly the comprehensive analysis of spiral vortex mitigation effect by the axial water jet is analyzed. The collaborative study employing the swirl generator apparatus designed by the researchers from Politehnica University of Timisoara in Romania is performed and changes in spatio-temporal vortex dynamic are studied. In this study the numerical data (in a form of three-dimensional pressure and velocity fields) are obtained using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent R14.
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Computational Modeling of Turbulent Swirling Diffusion Flames
Vondál, Jiří ; Klemeš,, Jiří (oponent) ; Tuček,, Antonín (oponent) ; Hájek, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The ability to predict local wall heat fluxes is highly relevant for engineering purposes as these fluxes are often the main results required by designers of fired heaters, boilers and combustion chambers. The aim of this work is to provide reliable data measured by an innovative method for the case of swirling diffusion natural gas flames and consequently utilize the data for validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations represented by commercial solver ANSYS Fluent® 12.1. The subject is a large-scale combustion chamber with a staged-gas industrial type low-NOx burner at two thermal duties, 745 kW and 1120 kW. Attention is paid to the evaluation of boundary conditions via additional measurement or simulation, such as wall emissivity and wall temperature. Several in-house software codes were created for computational support. Remarkable results were obtained for low firing rate where prediction reached accuracy up to 0.2 % in total extracted heat and better than 16 % in local wall heat flux in individual sections. However, for high firing rate the accuracy significantly decreases. Consequently close attention was paid to the confined swirling flow phenomena downstream of the swirl generator. There were identified several problematic points in the prediction capabilities of utilized computationally capable, industry-standard models.
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