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Bioceramic materials bioactivity testing via simulated body fluid
Holbusová, Eva ; Novotná, Lenka (oponent) ; Salamon, David (vedoucí práce)
These days, there is a possibility of joint replacement implantation, more common dental implants, or regeneration of bone fractures using bone graft replacements is more accessible than in history. Bioceramic materials are used for these purposes. Bioceramics is a non-toxic ceramic material. It is characterized by its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Bioactivity testing of bioceramics is performed using simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the change in the concentration of calcium ions was investigated during the testing. The aim of the work was to determine whether the concentration of calcium ions changes between bioceramics and SBF. Bioceramic samples were prepared by two methods, namely freeze-casting and cold isostatic pressing. What was soaked in c-SBF was prepared according to Kokubo. The analysis of SBF was performed using a colorimetric method with a reagent of Murexide solution and reagent KIT. The concentration of calcium ions in the SBF after soaking samples in a testing cycle 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days was measured using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. In addition, X-ray diffractometry was used to determine the phase composition of the material before soaking in SBF. The change in calcium ion concentration during the test cycle in the bioceramic – SBF system was confirmed with UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The most significant increase in concentration was recorded on the third day of soaking. The assumption of an apatite layer formation on the soaked bioceramic samples was supported by a change in the concentration of calcium ions SBF and the change in weight of the material after soaking. It was found that using indirect colorimetric determination delivered better results when the Murexide indicator was used instead of KIT.
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ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADVANCED MAGNESIUM ALLOYS PROCESSED BY POWDER METALURGY
Minda, Jozef ; Nový, František (oponent) ; Stoulil, Jan (oponent) ; Hadzima,, Branislav (vedoucí práce)
The subject of the present dissertation is basic research in the field of advanced magnesium-based materials with high potential for medical applications prepared by powder metallurgy. These materials are evaluated in terms of corrosion behaviour in corrosive media by chemical composition and set conditions simulating the physiological environment of the human body (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution was used in this work). The aim is to analyze the influence of the processing parameters, chemical composition and structure on electrochemic characteristics of theprepared materials. For this purpose, a deeper of the the corrosion behavior, to obtain electrochemical characteristics and to investigate the degradation properties of the studied materials by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with elemental analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and other complementary methods. The materials for the experiments are prepared using powder metallurgy, which allows the formation of composites with compositions that do not match conventional manufacturing technologies. Thus, pure Mg samples were prepared at process parameters with pressing pressures of 100 and 500 MPa at 400 °C and also samples pressed at 500 MPa and room temperature were tested. Furthermore, MgZn composites prepared at a pressing pressure of 500 MPa and a temperature of 300 °C with a Zn content of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% or MgZn composites pressed at a pressure of 500 MPa and a temperature of 400 °C with a Zn content of 1, 5 and 10 wt.%. Composites of the Mg-hydroxyapatite binary system pressed at 500 MPa and 400 °C with hydroxyapatite contents of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% were also studied. The degradation mechanisms of these materials were investigated using the above mentioned methods and the basic electrochemical parameters and their evolution during the time of exposure were determined. From the results, the influence of process parameters, chemical composition and the corrosive environment itself on the studied materials is evaluated. Several materials that appear to be most suitable for the medical application are described and the causes of degradation behaviour at the level of the structure of the materials and their electrochemical interaction with the corrosive environment are also discussed in the dissertation thesis. Compaction and densification positively influenced pure Mg samples, where samples pressed at 500 MPa and 400 °C are further selected as reference material. Increasing Zn content positively electrochemically affects the corrosion resistance of MgZn series of samples pressed at 500 MPa and 300 °C, on the contrary, in the combination of electrochemical - microgalvanic and structural effects, low Zn content is optimal for MgZn composites pressed at 500 MPa and 400 °C. For Mg-hydroxyapatite materials, in agreement with the literature, it was shown that the most stable corrosion product layers with the best corrosion properties and evolution in time are formed for samples with hydroxyapatite content up to 10 wt.%.
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Bioceramic materials bioactivity testing via simulated body fluid
Holbusová, Eva ; Novotná, Lenka (oponent) ; Salamon, David (vedoucí práce)
These days, there is a possibility of joint replacement implantation, more common dental implants, or regeneration of bone fractures using bone graft replacements is more accessible than in history. Bioceramic materials are used for these purposes. Bioceramics is a non-toxic ceramic material. It is characterized by its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Bioactivity testing of bioceramics is performed using simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the change in the concentration of calcium ions was investigated during the testing. The aim of the work was to determine whether the concentration of calcium ions changes between bioceramics and SBF. Bioceramic samples were prepared by two methods, namely freeze-casting and cold isostatic pressing. What was soaked in c-SBF was prepared according to Kokubo. The analysis of SBF was performed using a colorimetric method with a reagent of Murexide solution and reagent KIT. The concentration of calcium ions in the SBF after soaking samples in a testing cycle 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days was measured using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. In addition, X-ray diffractometry was used to determine the phase composition of the material before soaking in SBF. The change in calcium ion concentration during the test cycle in the bioceramic – SBF system was confirmed with UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The most significant increase in concentration was recorded on the third day of soaking. The assumption of an apatite layer formation on the soaked bioceramic samples was supported by a change in the concentration of calcium ions SBF and the change in weight of the material after soaking. It was found that using indirect colorimetric determination delivered better results when the Murexide indicator was used instead of KIT.
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