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Preface
Stavělová, Daniela ; Buckland, Jill Theresa
The preface introduces into the topic of the edited volume that brought together ethnochoreologists, anthropologists of dance, ethnomusicologists, folk music scholars and educators, oral historians and anthropologists, some indeed combining these disciplinary fields. It explains the different statements and perspectives used in the collection by the authors investigating folklore revival movement and opens the door for further critical examination of the power of such cultural practices, their political salience, whether at national, institutional or individual levels, and their deep-seated impact on people who have encountered and evaluated folk revivalism in their lives.
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The Folklore Revival Movement in Former Czechoslovakia: Dichotomy of the Term
Stavělová, Daniela
In the Czech Lands, the folklore movement is used to refer to the existence of folklore ensembles and their stage production. Recently, however, the term has gained negative connotations as it is associated with the era of Communism, especially the ideological pressures of the 1950s. The reason for these negative associations is that folklore was performed as politically harmless entertainment preferred by the ideology of the day, thus, the folklore movement became representative of values associated with the ideology. The paradoxical, and less known, fact is that members of folklore ensembles often used this environment as a refuge that they could escape to from the grim reality of the political system and a meaningful way of realizing their alternative ideas that they were unable to realize in their professional life. The contribution explores this ambivalence through the memories of surviving actors of the folklore movement, therefore, the principal method used here is oral history, with the main focus on an individual human story – a little history in the context of big history.
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Radio Broadcasting as Role Model, Authority and Norm in Czech Musical Folklorism in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Vejvoda, Zdeněk
The presentation of Czech folk music in concerts and on stage from the 1950s to the 1990s is characterized by unprecedented dynamics, especially marked in the changing style of interpretation, now very different from the technologically imperfect recordings of Czech folk music made in authentic settings in the early 20th century. Much was done to the arrangement of folk songs and instrumental melodies, by amateurs as well as musicians with a professional training, who, it is important to note, maintained contact with the folklore movement in general, unlike in the pre-WWII times. Of crucial importance has been radio broadcasting and the exquisite works of leading composers affiliated with professional radio orchestras. In Bohemia, these personalities included Zdeněk Bláha, Zdeněk Lukáš, Jan Málek, Vladimír Baier, Jaroslav Krček and Josef Krček, to name but a few. In 1953, the regional studio of the Czechoslovak Radio saw the establishment of the Plzeň Folk Ensemble, recruiting players from the radio symphonic orchestra. The style of play of its prominent instrumentalists and the style of singing of a number of its solo members has, till the present day, been considered a role model for the interpretation of regional folklore.
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Invention of traditions by folk ensembles
Mušinková, Michaela ; Janeček, Petr (vedoucí práce) ; Štěpánová, Irena (oponent)
Práca sa zaoberá konštruovaním folklórnych tradícií prostredníctvom činnosti folklórnych súborov, pričom si všíma tradície kontinuitné, pretrhnuté aj vynájdené. Venuje sa pojmom folklór a folklorizmus, a ich vzájomnému pôsobeniu. Všíma si činnosť folklórneho súboru (= folklorizmus), repertoár ktorého vychádza z folklórnych prameňov, a jeho vplyv na uchovanie a rozvíjanie folklóru. Východiskom práce je hypotéza, že folklórny súbor pomáha pri revitalizácií tradícií. Metodologicky je práca postavená na terénnom výskume. Výskum prebiehal v dvoch rusínskym dedinách severovýchodného Slovenska, pričom v jednej z nich folklórny súbor pôsobí, v druhej nie. Cieľom práce je potvrdenie alebo vyvrátenie danej hypotézy na príklade jednej obyčajovej tradície - svadobného obradu. Detailnou analýzou hľadám analogické a odlišné prvky medzi jednotlivými svadbami v jednej lokalite, všímam si premenu svadby v čase (porovnávam súčasné svadby z nahrávok s tradičnou rusínskou svadbou zachytenou folkloristami v literatúre) a komparujem tento obrad v oboch lokalitách. Okrem toho si všímam, do akej miery súbor/absencia súboru vplýva na jednotlivé svadobné obrady. V záverečnej časti práce sa venujem tomu, či vplýva folklórny súbor na etnickú identitu. Kľúčové slová Tradícia, kontinuitná/pretrhnutá/konštruovaná tradícia,...
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