|
|
CpSAT-1, a transcribed satellite sequence from the codling moth,\kur{Cydia pomonella\kur{}}
DALÍKOVÁ, Martina
Satellite DNA represents one of the major components of repetitive genome components. Recent research is bringing more and more evidence about importance of this type of DNA, which can play both structural and functional roles in eukaryotic genomes. In this study, we described newly discovered satellite DNA in Cydia pomonella, CpSAT-1. Although this satDNA can be found in all chromosomes, it is surprisingly underrepresented on the W chromosome, the only heterochromatin block in Cydia pomonella genome. The CpSAT-1 is transcribed in all tested developmental stages and tissues. However, the potentially functional motives were found predominantly in non-conserved parts of monomer sequence. Thus the function of this new satellite DNA remains unknown.
|
|
|
Metodika pro hodnocení rezistence škůdců k zoocidům pomocí biologických metod a antirezistentní strategie pro zabránění výskytu rezistence
Kocourek, František ; Stará, Jitka ; Zichová, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan ; Nesvorná, Marta
Předkládaná metodika obsahuje popis biologických metod pro hodnocení rezistence škůdců k zoocidům zpracované podle světových standardů. Metodiky jsou ověřeny na případových studiích škůdců, u kterých je rezistence k insekticidům prokázána nebo je vysoké riziku selekce rezistence na území ČR, kterými jsou blýskáček řepkový, mandelinka bramborová, krytonosec šešulový, dřepčík olejkový a obaleč jablečný. Metodika dále obsahuje přehled obecných zásad řízení hmyzí rezistence a návrhy na antirezistentní strategie pro druhy škůdců, pro něž byly provedeny případové studie. Metody hodnocení rezistence jsou využitelné pro monitoring rezistence jak orgány státní správy, tak dalšími organizacemi. Doporučení uváděná v antirezistentních strategiích jsou využitelná pro řízení ochrany proti škůdcům u pěstitelů řepky, brambor a jablek.
Plný text:  PDF
|
|
|
Využití genu \kur{Notch} pro produkci genetických "sexing" linií obaleče jablečného.
ŠVELLEROVÁ, Hana
Obaleč jablečný, Cydia pomonella, je celosvětově významným škůdcem jádrového ovoce a ořechů v oblasti mírného pásma. Intenzivní užívání insekticidů proti tomuto škůdci vedlo k vývoji resistence k těmto chemikáliím a k rostoucím požadavkům na používání šetrných metod regulace populací jako je například technika sterilního hmyzu (SIT). SIT proti obaleči jablečnému spočívá v masové produkci a vypouštění sterilního hmyzu obou pohlaví do divoké populace. Vypouštění pouze sterilních samců by však významně snížilo náklady a zvýšilo účinnost SIT. V této práci se zaměřuji na využití teplotně senzitivní mutantní alely genu Notch pro produkci genetických "sexing" linií obaleče jabečného.
|
|
| |
|
|
Izolace, charakterizace a lokalizace ortologní sekvence genu \kur{Notch} u obaleče jablečného, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
KŮTA, Václav
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) is a significant pest in apple orchards. In the 1990ies, a control programme using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been established, based on bisexual releases of sterile insects into wild populations of this pest. Male-only releases are not possible due to the lack of an efficient system to produce male-only progeny. Recently, a new approach has been proposed for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera. It is based on insertion of a dominant conditional lethal mutation of the Notch gene, derived from the N60g11 allele of Drosophila, into the female W chromosome by means of transgenesis. This study deals with isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a codling moth orthologue of the Drosophila Notch gene with the aim to prepare a mutant sequence of the orthologue to be used in plasmid constructs for germline transformation of this pest.
|
|
|
Isolation and characterization of highly repetitive fraction of codling moth, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
VĚCHTOVÁ, Pavlína
Repetitive DNA comprises substantial part of the eukaryotic genome. ?Junk DNA?, as it was originally understood at the beginning of its discovery has attracted a lot of attention lately due to many studies proving its functional perspectives. Analysis of its dynamics, characteristics and distribution has been widely studied in organisms with monocentric chromosomes. Holokinetic system, however, was left behind in these efforts and whole image of repetitive DNA distribution and dynamics in this system remains to be elucidated. In this thesis various approaches were used to isolate and characterise repetitive DNA in the genome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Satellite DNA CPSAT-1 was successfully isolated, characterised with Dot blot and Southern blot and mapped with FISH in the genome of C. pomonella. 17 microsatellite probes were used to localize microsatellite arrays in the genome of C. pomonella. Method of microsatellite FISH revealed distribution of all tested microsatellites in C. pomonella complement.
|
|
|
Využití BAC klonů při studiu pohlavního chromosomu W obaleče jablečného \kur{Cydia pomonella} (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
DALÍKOVÁ, Martina
In the present study, the W sex-chromosome of the codling moth was studied by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes prepared from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), which were isolated from the codling moth BAC library. The BAC library was screened for clones derived from both the W and Z sex chromosomes using three sets of molecular markers of codling moth sex chromosomes. A total of 54 BAC clones have been obtained. In this work, only 3 W-derived BAC clones and 1 Z-derived BAC clone were further characterized by BAC-FISH mapping on chromosome preparations of pachytene oocytes; the other BAC clones have been retained for next studies. Whereas the Z-BAC probe provided a discrete hybridization signal on the Z chromosome, and surprisingly on the W chromosome, the W-BAC probes showed multiple hybridization signals distributed on the whole W chromosome, suggesting that they are mainly composed of repetitive sequences, which occur in multiple clusters on the W chromosome. The specific pattern of W-BAC hybridization signals along with the discrete signal of the Z-BAC enabled us to discriminate left/right orientation of both the W and Z chromosomes and examine specificity of W-Z pairing during meiotic prophase I.
|
|
|
Izolace a chromosomální lokalizace genů pro acetylcholinesterázu u obaleče jablečného \kur{(Cydia pomonella)}
SÝKOROVÁ, Miroslava
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera; Tortricoidea) is a major pest of pome fruitand walnut orchards in the world. Due to the intensive chemical control C. pomonella has developed a high resistance to various insecticides. One of the mechanisms of the resistance is acetylcholinesterase insensitivity to carbamates and organophosphates. The insensitivity is based on mutations in one of two genes for acetylcholinesterase. This study deals with testing a hypothesis suggesting that one gene coding for acetylcholinesterase in the codling moth was translocated to the Z sex chromosome. The hypothesis has been latersupported by sex-linked inheritance of insecticide resistance in a related species, Grapholita molesta, and also by a large size of sex hromosomes in the codling moth.
|
host ::
RSS.