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Description of the slow crack growth in polymer materials
Trávníček, Lukáš ; Nezbedová,, Eva (oponent) ; Padovec,, Zdeněk (oponent) ; Hutař, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
The lifetime of plastic pipes for pressurized systems is demanded to be at least 50 years. At the same time, the potential for recycling plastic waste is unexploited, therefore, using recycled material in pressurized plastic systems might become a reality in the future. However, the recycled material has low mechanical properties compared to the virgin one, and is restricted for pressurized pipe applications. These two contradictory conditions can be combined using a pipe consisting of a few layers of different materials. It is necessary to use modern, durable material for the critical parts, which are inner and outer surfaces. On the other hand, for the main pipe, it is possible to use material with lower mechanical properties – recycled material. The main aim of the presented work is to design a multilayer polymer pipe, where the middle layer will contain recycled material and the demanded lifetime of 50 years will be met. The lifetime in operating conditions is difficult to prove by standard testing methods. However, it is possible to estimate the lifetime as the most frequently occurring damage mechanism is the slow crack growth. The methodology is based on the description of crack propagation by linear elastic fracture mechanics parameters. An important part of this methodology is a finite element simulation of crack propagation in a pipe loaded by different types of loads, such as residual stress, soil loading, loading from traffic, and point load caused by stones when a pipe is buried. For the determination of residual stress, a methodology taking advantage of experimental measurements and numerical modeling has been developed. The case of buried pipe is also studied by numerical modeling. Part of the presented work is dedicated to the experimental measurement of creep crack growth in CRB (cracked round bar) specimens with the necessary data evaluation. The creep crack growth combined with the results of numerical modeling will be implemented into an estimation of the lifetime of a multilayer pipe with recycled material content.
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Predikce creepového poškození polymerních trubek
Luky, Robin ; Knésl, Zdeněk (oponent) ; Hutař, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
V práci je uvedena metodika pro odhad životnosti polymerního potrubí, zatíženého vnitřním přetlakem s uvážením reziduálních napětí z výroby. Na základě numerických simulací zkoušky hydrostatickým tlakem jsou v této práci odvozeny inženýrské vztahy pro výpočet faktoru intenzity napětí. Na základě experimentálních dat popisujících odolnost zkoumaného materiálu proti šíření creepové trhliny a distribuci reziduálních napětí ve stěně trubky jsou provedeny odhady zbytkové životnosti potrubí a kvantifikovány vlivy, které tuto životnost ovlivňují. Velká pozornost je v práci věnována zejména vlivu reziduálních napětí na šíření creepové trhliny.
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Fracture behavior of welded polyolefin pipes
Mikula, Jakub ; Kučera,, Jaroslav (oponent) ; Ševčík, Martin (vedoucí práce)
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to introduce fracture behavior of welded polyolefin pipes. This study is focused on numerical modelling of the quasi-brittle failure which is a direct result of slow creep crack growth. Welding of polyolefin pipes causes material inhomogeneity in the welded region and the weld bead shape introduces geometric stress raisers. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate these influences on the welded pipe lifespan and its assessment. Different experimental tests (mainly CRB and PENT tests) which allow measuring of material properties describing the crack growth kinetics are presented in the thesis. The results of numerical modelling are presented for a polyethylene pipe (PE 100 110 x 6.3 SDR 17.6). Polyethylene is one of the most common material used in the pipeline industry, but the results of the thesis can be used for any other polyolefin material as well. Lifetime prediction of polyolefin pipes is based on the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) using the concept of the stress intensity factor. The thesis complements the existing methodology of pipe lifetime assessment, specifically lifetime prediction of welded polyolefin pipes and a possible direction for future related research is given.
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Fracture behavior of welded polyolefin pipes
Mikula, Jakub ; Kučera,, Jaroslav (oponent) ; Ševčík, Martin (vedoucí práce)
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to introduce fracture behavior of welded polyolefin pipes. This study is focused on numerical modelling of the quasi-brittle failure which is a direct result of slow creep crack growth. Welding of polyolefin pipes causes material inhomogeneity in the welded region and the weld bead shape introduces geometric stress raisers. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate these influences on the welded pipe lifespan and its assessment. Different experimental tests (mainly CRB and PENT tests) which allow measuring of material properties describing the crack growth kinetics are presented in the thesis. The results of numerical modelling are presented for a polyethylene pipe (PE 100 110 x 6.3 SDR 17.6). Polyethylene is one of the most common material used in the pipeline industry, but the results of the thesis can be used for any other polyolefin material as well. Lifetime prediction of polyolefin pipes is based on the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) using the concept of the stress intensity factor. The thesis complements the existing methodology of pipe lifetime assessment, specifically lifetime prediction of welded polyolefin pipes and a possible direction for future related research is given.
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Predikce creepového poškození polymerních trubek
Luky, Robin ; Knésl, Zdeněk (oponent) ; Hutař, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
V práci je uvedena metodika pro odhad životnosti polymerního potrubí, zatíženého vnitřním přetlakem s uvážením reziduálních napětí z výroby. Na základě numerických simulací zkoušky hydrostatickým tlakem jsou v této práci odvozeny inženýrské vztahy pro výpočet faktoru intenzity napětí. Na základě experimentálních dat popisujících odolnost zkoumaného materiálu proti šíření creepové trhliny a distribuci reziduálních napětí ve stěně trubky jsou provedeny odhady zbytkové životnosti potrubí a kvantifikovány vlivy, které tuto životnost ovlivňují. Velká pozornost je v práci věnována zejména vlivu reziduálních napětí na šíření creepové trhliny.
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