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FRACTURE MECHANICS ASSESSMENT OF CRACKED WELDED POLYOLEFIN PIPES
Mikula, Jakub ; Ševčík, Martin ; Hutař, Pavel ; Náhlík, Luboš
The aim of this paper is to present methodology for estimation of fracture mechanics parameters in polyolefin pipes with an axially oriented crack using three dimensional numerical analyses. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is used for description of fracture behavior. In the paper, three different variants of pipe weld with an internal axial semi-elliptical crack are studied. Numerical models correspond to a cracked pipe containing material nonhomogeneity in the welding area caused by welding process. A critical locations of the crack initiated along the pipe wall is found and the stress intensity factor for such cracks with real crack shape are numerically estimated in these critical locations. The methodology presented here can be used for estimation of residual lifetime of welded polymer pipes containing crack.
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Thermo-mechanical and isothermal fatigue behavior of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L
Škorík, Viktor ; Šulák, Ivo ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Polák, Jaroslav
Many structural components of nuclear power plant systems are made of austenitic stainless steels. These structures undergo degradation by thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) caused by simultaneous cyclic straining and temperature cycling, particularly during start-up, shut-down and transient operations. The present work reports the cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue damage of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L during TMF and isothermal fatigue (IF) testing in air. Total strain controlled in-phase TMF loading in the temperature range 200 - 600 °C and isothermal fatigue (IF) at 600 °C were performed. Hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain response and fatigue life diagrams were obtained both for TMF and IF tests. Fatigue damage was documented using surface relief and fracture surface observations. Mean stress evolution and fatigue degradation data are employed to discuss the fatigue behavior of 316L steel both in TMF and IF regimes.
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EFFECT OF HIP ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE OF MAR-M247 AT 900°C
Šulák, Ivo ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Škorík, Viktor ; Hrbáček, K.
Polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy MAR-M247 is used for high temperature applications requiring excellent combination of fatigue properties, creep resistance and surface stability. These superior high temperature characteristics derive from the microstructure which habitually consists of face centred cubic matrix γ and precipitate γ´ (L12 type ordered structure). In the present work, the high temperature low cycle fatigue behaviour of cast nickel-base superalloy MAR-M247 in as received condition and in hot isostatically pressed (HIP) condition was studied. The microstructure of the materials is characterized by dendritic grains, carbides and casting defects. Distribution and size of defects in both materials were studied. Isothermal low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed on cylindrical specimens under total strain control at 900°C in air. Cyclic stress–strain response and fatigue life of both materials were assessed. Beneficial effects of HIP process on cyclic stress-strain and fatigue life curves are discussed.
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On an estimation of the exponent of the stress singularity: three dimensional problems and effect of residual stresses on a crack arrested on the interface
Máša, Bohuslav ; Náhlík, Luboš ; Hutař, Pavel
The main aim of this paper is an investigation of the crack behavior in the ceramics laminates. Especially, the problem of the estimation of the stress singularity exponent in such a material using different approaches is closely described. Since analytical approach is a suitable tool for two dimensional problems, introducing residual stresses, which can be result of used procedures during composite production, may influence value of the stress singularity exponent. Unfortunately, there is formally no analytical tool available to introduce residual stresses. Moreover, when the three dimensional geometry is investigated, effects of complicated stress distribution in front of the crack tip are of crucial importance for crack behavior. Hence using numerically obtained stress distribution appears to be the only way, how to capture the effect of residual stresses and three dimensional geometry of the crack front. The stress singularity exponent can be directly determined from stress components in front of the crack tip and/or from displacements at faces of the crack. Both can provide good results and give us a solution, which cannot be obtained analytically. In following text the procedure will be described in more detail and shown results obtained on ceramic laminate.
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Estimation of critical values for crack initiation from sharp V-notches
Náhlík, Luboš ; Štegnerová, Kateřina ; Hutař, Pavel
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to estimate a critical value of an applied stress for a crack initiation from sharp tip of the V-notch using a procedure based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LELM). The V-notch represents singular stress concentrator with the stress singularity exponent different from 0.5, therefore the generalized form of LELM for stress distribution description in the vicinity of the sharp V-notch was used. The stress singularity exponent depends on the V-notch opening angle, in general. A stability criterion based on the average value of the tangential stress component across a critical distance d from the V-notch tip is used in the paper. Resultant values of the critical applied stress are compared with experimental data.
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