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Effect of alloying and thermal processing on mechanical properties of tial alloys
Chlupová, Alice ; Heczko, Milan ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Beran, Přemysl ; Kruml, Tomáš
Two -based TiAl alloys with 7 at.% of Nb, alloyed with 2 at.% Mo and 0.5 at.% C, were studied. A heat treatment leading to very fine lamellar microstructure was applied on both alloys. Microstructure after the heat treatment was described and mechanical properties including fatigue behaviour were measured. The as-received material alloyed with C possesses high strength and very limited ductility, especially at RT. After application of selected heat treatment it becomes even more brittle; therefore, this process could be considered as not appropriate for this alloy. On the contrary, in the case of Mo alloyed material, both strength and ductility are improved by the heat treatment at RT and usual working temperature (~750 °C). Presence of the phase is responsible for this effect. The selected heat treatment thus can be an alternative for this alloy to other thermomechanical treatments as high temperature forging.
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THE EFFECT OF MO AND/OR C ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF TIAL ALLOYS
Chlupová, Alice ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Roupcová, Pavla ; Heczko, Milan ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Beran, Přemysl
Cast TiAl alloys with high Nb content are subject of extensive research with the aim to develop material with low density, good corrosion resistance and high strength at elevated temperatures. Disadvantage of their broad applications is restricted workability, machinability and low fracture toughness especially at room temperature. Improvement of properties of TiAl based materials can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure by modification of chemical composition. For this purpose 5 types of TiAl alloys with 7 % of Nb were prepared having variable content of Mo and/or C. Addition of Mo and/or C resulted in three types of microstructure and different phase composition. All modified alloys contain colonies consisting of thin lamellae of a and g phases sometimes complemented by g and/or b phase at the grain boundaries. Variable microstructure and phase composition resulted in differences in mechanical behaviour. The most promising tensile properties at both room and elevated temperature were observed for alloy doped with 2 % of Mo having the mixed microstructure containing b phase and for alloy doped with 0.5 % of C with nearly lamellar microstructure without b phase. 2Mo alloy exhibited reasonably good ductility while 0.5C alloy reached the highest tensile strength. Also low cycle fatigue behaviour of these two materials was the best of all five materials under investigation. Fatigue deformation characteristics were better in the case of 2Mo alloy while 0.5C alloy exhibited higher cyclic stresses. Fracture mechanisms were determined using fractographic analysis. The major fracture mode of all alloys was trans-lamellar.
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Fatigue life and fracture of cast gamma TiAl intermetallic alloy at room and elevated temperatures
Petrenec, Martin ; Šmíd, Miroslav ; Polák, Jaroslav
The low-cycle fatigue properties, surface relief and fracture surfaces of cast TiAl alloys with 2 at.% Nb having nearly lamellar microstructure were studied at room temperature and at 750 degrees C. Cyclic stress-strain curves (CSSC) and fatigue life curves were obtained at both temperatures. The surface relief and the fracture surfaces of fractured specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. At room temperature, significant cyclic hardening is observed whereas at 750 degrees C cyclic response was stable. Parameters of the CSSC, the Manson-Coffin law and the Basquin law were determined. Persistent slip markings formed along interlamellar interfaces were predominant locations for fatigue cracks at both temperatures. The cracks initiated at surface or in sub-surface region led to the formation of smooth flat areas on the fracture surface corresponding to the persistent slip bands.
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High Temperature Fatigue Behaviour of Third Generation of TiAl Alloys
Obrtlík, Karel ; Kruml, Tomáš
Low cycle fatigue properties of lamellar TiAl with 7.8 at.% Nb were studied at four temperatures: room temperature, 700, 750 and 800 °C. Up to 750 °C, stable cyclic behaviour is observed while cyclic softening is characteristic for 800°C. The strength of the alloy is still high even at 800 °C. The TEM observation did not reveal any substantial changes in the microstructure due to the cycling at RT. At 750 °C, the lamellar structure was in some places destroyed by cyclic plasticity and pure g-phase islands with high density of dislocation debris were formed. At 800 °C, the domains without lamellar structure cover about 10% of inspected volume and are almost dislocation free. The results show that the diffusion processes leading to vanishing of small prizmatic dislocation loops start to operate between 750 and 800 °C. The destruction of lamellar microstructure and annealing of dislocation debris is the reason for cyclic softening at 800 °C.
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Microstructure Characterization and Faigue Behavior of Beta Phase Containing Gama-TiAl Alloy
Petrenec, Martin ; Beran, Přemysl ; Šmíd, Miroslav ; Chlupová, Alice ; Kuběnová, Monika
The microstructure and fatigue properties of Ti–44Al–7.8Nb – 0.2Ni (at.%) alloy after graded cooling heat treatment were investigated. Different techniques as SEM, TEM and FIB were used for characterization of microstructure. Quantification of phase volume fraction was measured by neutron diffraction method. After graded cooling heat treatment the structure consists of fully lamellar uniform grains which contain lamellar phases /2 and cubic phases (ordered B2 and disordered phases) at grain boundary and interlamellar spaces. The foils for TEM were prepared using FIB technique and observed in TEM in order to identify B2 phase by selected electron diffraction. Low cycle fatigue behaviour at 750 °C shows stable fatigue crack propagation due the presence of plastic beta and B2 phases.
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