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Differences of care during childbirth in selected Czech and Finnish maternity hospital
VOSMEKOVÁ, Tereza
The theme of the Bachelor's thesis is "The differences of care during childbirth in selected Czech and Finnish maternity hospitals." The theoretical part is divided into three major subplots. In the first part we deal with differences in education and in competencies in selected countries. The second section is focused on describing the course of childbirth and the role of the midwife in the individual parts of birth. In the third part we focused on pharmacological and non-pharmacological control of pain during childbirth. The research describes the differences in care during the whole labor: from the time when a mother comes into the delivery room until her displacement to the maternity ward and then for how long her stay will be in a health care facility. One goal was set while writing this Bachelor thesis. The aim was to determine differences in the care during childbirth in Czech Republic and Finland. Based on the goals, two research questions arose. Research question 1: What are the differences of competence of midwives in the Czech Republic and Finland? Research question 2: Which interventions do midwives most frequently use in the Czech Republic and Finland for pain management? To handle the thesis, a qualitative research technique and a method of semi-structured interview was chosen, whose aim was to obtain detailed information on the chosen topic. A total of 13 questions were provided for the interview. For data analysis method, hand coding method, pencil and paper method was selected. The research sample consisted of three midwives from the Czech Republic and three midwives from Finland. Interviews were completely anonymous, voluntary and all respondents were informed of the possibility to terminate it at any time. The research was conducted during the period of January and February 2016. The first questions were identified the age of respondents, education, and practice time within the delivery room. The other questions focused on the period between maternal intake of the delivery room and the time until her release. The data obtained was divided into five main categories: Intake into the delivery room, the first stage of labor, the second stage of labor, the third stage of labor and the release. Each category was subsequently divided into subcategories. For clarity, a table was created with respondents identifying information and diagrams for each category. The results of the research showed that there are differences in the implementation of competencies of midwives in those countries. The main difference we discovered was the opportunity to lead the entire physiological birth from beginning to end only by a midwife without medical supervision in Finland. Midwives are also competent to lead birth in breech positions and even lead a water birth. However, even in Finland it depends on the practice of hospital and in which the birth is being kept. Another discovery was the difference in the possibility of pain control during childbirth. In Finland there are certain drug administrations related to the competence of midwives who can perform them, as well as pudendal analgesia. Czech midwives are dependent on the decision of the physician. Furthermore, the results of the interviews revealed the popularity of pharmacological pain relief between Finnish midwives and mothers, especially the possibility of using epidural analgesia for primiparous and spinal analgesia for multiparous On the other hand, there was a preference of non-pharmacological pain control among Czech midwives and parturient. A Popular method of non-pharmacological pain control among Czech mothers and midwives was hydro-analgesia and possibility to stay on a gymnastic ball. This thesis can serve as a source of information for those who are interested in other nursing sectors, for midwifery students considering to travel abroad or it can be published in the journal.
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Women in Leading Positions and Possibilities of Work-life Balance
Šestáková, Romana ; Muzikant, Martin (referee) ; Rašticová, Martina (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with issues of women in leadership positions and the possibilities of coordinating work and private life. In theoretical part the thesis deals with gender issues focusing on women in managerial positions. In the practical part I then analyze in detail the status of women managers in a selected company through the study of internal materials, guidelines, and then also using questionnaires and interviews with women and men in management positions. The thesis analyzed the attitudes of men and women in senior positions with an emphasis on associating work and private life. Solutions of employment of women in leadership position are proposed in conclusion.
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Woman on The Labour Market in the Situation of the Mother
Matějková, Zdenka ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
The target of this diploma thesis is to analyze the situation of Czech mother on the labour market. The theoretical part will be created from the accessible literary resources and public databases. By providing databases made into tables and charts of the most problematical influences which affect the situation of a woman on the Czech labour market. The practical part presents methodology of the diploma thesis. Then the typology of family policy in the chosen European countries is tested by means of cluster analysis. This section represents very important research part because the national family policy acts upon womans possibilities how to bring family and career into balance after finishing maternity and parental leave. Subsequently the questionairre Woman in the situation of mother on the labour market is spread into all regions of the Czech Republic and afterwards evaluated. On top of that that five hypothesis with different factors as a womans current income, education level and number of her children will be tested to deepen the issue of women chance on the Czech labour market.
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The first minutes of the life physiological newborn in the mother's eyes
PRŮCHOVÁ, Kateřina
The first minutes of life of newborn individuals and the way they spend them are very important moments. A new human is born to this world from the long-familiar environment which provided them with great security and now they are coming into a totally different environment. Our objective is to make this transition as natural as possible. The most important is to let mother and newborn together as much as possible. This way we give them feeling of safety and security, the newborn will be able to listen to the mother´s heart beat and their first mutual glances occur. We can negatively influenced those moments either if we interfere their course too much by doing procedures which could be postponed off the immediate post-delivery period or if we are not able to offer the environment which is plesant for mother and newborn. In the research part of this thesis I used a qualitative research method. The aim of the study was to describe current nursing practices for physiological newborn after birth in a delivery room and compare them with the recommended practices in this area. The objectives of this thesis were accomplished, after interview analysing I described mothers´views on the topic and compared the process of a nursing care at the first treatment of a newborn in a delivery room with recommendations for this area. The survey was conducted in a medical facility (Hospital České Budějovice a.s.) where the care provided corresponds to valid standards for nursing care in neonatology. Although the care provided is in absolute accordance with the recommendations, mothers themselves in interviews in lesser or greater extent reflected a certain need of empathy from the side of the staff, more support especially in case of primapara, and this concerns not only them but also partners who accompany women at deliveries and who meet unfamiliar situations and gain new experiences.
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Feeding strategies for premature infants (24th-34th gestational week) on discharge from the hospital.
GAZDOVÁ, Zdenka
According to the experts, the breastfeeding support and education of mothers in the Czech Republic is insuficient. There is declining number of children who are brestfed exclusively to six months of life, premature babies posing even greater problem in this matter. Much of this problematic trend resides in the lack of support for mothers. A major problem in the Czech Republic is the fact that there are still a few maternity hospitals which are arranged so that mothers can be with their babies immediately after birth, especially if we talk about preterm newborns. Breastfeeding is the most important way to ensure the healthiest nutritional needs of an infant. It allows not only nutrition, but also feeling of safety and security, which is very important in proper development of the child. Furthermore, the breastfeeding contributes to the creation of solid emotional relationship between mother and child. Among other things, breastfeeding is undoubtedly the cheapest possible child nutrition. Goal of this thesis is to draw attention to a small number of premature babies, who are fully breastfed at discharge from the hospital leading to many negative consequences such as reduced immunity, psychosocial issues, et cetera. In our opinion, the problem is caused by lack of time, excessive workload of nurses and doctors' little initiative. Through this thesis we would like to draw attention to current knowledge and information about the breastfeeding preterm infants in perinatal centers. We also mapped the number of premature babies fully breastfed at discharge from hospital and identified through research the causes of low prevalence of breastfeeding these children. Another objective was to map the knowledge and skills of nurses in practice, to determine the connection between these skills and the difference in diet between compared hospitals. Finally, we propose solutions to the identifed shortcomings. The theoretical part processed characteristics of a premature baby, anatomy and physiology of breastfeeding and its benefits for the child, proper breastfeeding technique, the importance of nurses in the management of breastfeeding and activities to promote breastfeeding in the Czech Republic and in the world. In the empirical part we used qualitative and quantitative research. We collected data in three randomly selected perinatal centers in the Czech Republic during the fourth quarter of 2012. The stated objectives of the study were processed using a questionnaire, content analysis of documents and methodology and regression trees. The research showed that all of the top centers have similar level of child care. However, there are significant differences in nutrition and ways of feeding the children and nursing care. The study showed that child nutrition at discharge from hospital is different, and this may have an impact on the later development of the child, as evidenced by other studies. Differences in nursing care most relevant to the proper and effective education of the mothers, which both can be observed from the investigation, have the greatest impact on the type of diet at the end of the hospitalization of the infant.
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Parents and Peadiatric Nurses Awareness of Infant Sleep
ŠIPANOVÁ, Renáta
One of the most common complaints of mothers at the paediatrician's is complaint about the night sleep disorder, especially in older infants and toddlers. Long-term insomnia of a child negatively affects well-being of parents and disrupts peaceful atmosphere of home. We often encounter sleep disorders in babies; mostly they are frequent nocturnal awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. Parents should be therefore informed about sleep issues already at neonatal units, as they are informed about breastfeeding. The target group of this research was mothers of infants and nurses working at neonatal units and in primary paediatric care. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness of paediatric nurses and parents about infant sleep and create educational material for nurses. The survey was carried out using a snow ball technique, in-depth interviews with mothers and a questionnaire with open questions for nurses. Collected data were then transcribed, coded, and processed using frame analysis by. Then, using the snow ball method, we gradually extended the sample to 7 mothers of unsleepy infants and 7 mothers of sleepy infants, i.e. to cases that were supposed to strongly manifest the problem. Also, paediatric nurses were selected intentionally according to their place of work at neonatal departments and in primary paediatric care. Parents receive information about infant sleep most often on the Internet, from specialized books and from their own mothers and friends; and they usually do not ask nurses for information on infant sleep. Parent only find out at home that there is a problem with their child's sleep. They tend to try various interventions to lull their baby to sleep. Research has shown that the most common source of knowledge for nurses is their personal experience with their own children. Nurses also use their rich experience gained during long years of practice. Furthermore, they educate themselves in this issue using specialized books, visiting seminars, and they also use the internet. Nurses' advice to mothers regarding infant insomnia is shown in two perspectives in our research. The first is the perspective of mothers and the second one is the perspective of nurses. Surprisingly, there are discrepancies, especially regarding the nurses in primary care. Interventions that were reported by nurses coincide with working techniques of lulling a baby to sleep. In contrast, some interventions which were described by mothers as advice from a nurse rather indicate ignorance or indifference of some nurses. The research showed that the quality of infant sleep may be to some extent influenced by the information given to parents already at neonatal unit by medical staff, because they are in the best position to provide such information. However, mothers often choose different sources. The research has shown that mothers usually instinctively select proper techniques to lull restless infants to sleep without consulting a paediatric nurse. These results have prompted the development of an educational leaflet for nurses which informs about proper practices and appropriate techniques to lull restless unsleepy infants to sleep.
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Lifestyle of mothers on parental leave living in Třeboň region
BROŽOVÁ, Alena
This thesis deals with the lifestyles of mothers on parental leave, living in small municipalities in the Třeboň region. It maps various aspects of their lives such as leisure time, personal hobbies, activities with children, social contacts, the options for various activities at the place of residence, personal development, social support, and satisfaction with the current period of life. The thesis is divided into two parts a theoretical one and an empirical one. The theoretical part is divided into six areas the first one deals with the definition of the concept of family, with the ways families have evolved to their current form, and with its function. The second area defines parenting; it deals with the changes that childbirth brings to the family, with the needs of the child, with maternity and parental leave. The third area describes the ways of combining childcare and work; it focuses on the options of institutional care for children; it deals with gender stereotypes and division of work in the family. The fourth area defines the lifestyle and related concepts such as leisure time, ways of spending it and the lifestyles of mothers on parental leave. The fifth one defines a village, the Třeboň region; it deals with the social isolation of mothers living at villages. The sixth area describes the theoretical background; it focuses on the social support for mothers on parental leave and a socio-ecological model. At the beginning of the empirical part, the objectives of the thesis are defined. The cognitive objective is to find out how parenting affects the lifestyles of contemporary mothers on parental leave, living in small municipalities and what factors have an impact on spending their leisure time. The data was collected using the qualitative research strategy and the chosen technique was semi-structured interviews. The basic group consisted of mothers on parental leave, living in small municipalities boroughs Třeboň: Břilice, Přeseka, Stará Hlína, Nová Hlína, Holičky, and Branná. The research group members were selected using the 'snowball' method when the researcher selected one respondent and she recommended the others. A total of 15 women participated in the research. The records of the interviews were transcribed into text. In accordance with the research questions, ten categories were established: leisure time, hobbies before childbirth, hobbies after childbirth, social contacts, activities with children, options for activities in municipalities, deficiencies in municipalities, personal development, social support and satisfaction. The discussion compares the research results with the views of other authors dealing with the issue. The research showed that parenting affects fundamentally the lifestyles of mothers, especially in terms of leisure time, personal hobbies, self-fulfilment and personal development. In general, the conducted research makes it possible to put together a picture of ways mothers on parental leave live in small municipalities in the Třeboň region. It outlines the ways these women spend their leisure time and days with their families, what their needs, possibilities, wishes and relationships with the others are. Therefore, the objective of the thesis has been met. The thesis can be used as informative material for mothers-to-be, parents of small children, for students and, last but not least, for the staff at the public administrations of the municipalities concerned.
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Actual genuine realization of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in hospital and terrain
KREZLOVÁ, Lucie
Breast milk is one of the most precious gift that can mother give to her child. Therefore the mother's best choice is to breast-feed her child. It is very important to properly instruct the mothers to understand all advantages of breast-feeding and it's correct technique. Such a comprehensive information can be communicated only through precise methodical guidance during prenatal and postnatal period. The birth assistant represents significantly this field of activity for his/her imminent contact with mothers. He/she takes care of mother's and child's needs and realizes this care via nursing process. The thesis is focused on methodical recommendations which should support breast-feeding of carried to term newborns. First target of this thesis was to ascertain if the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding are implemented in the hospitals. Second target was to find out if the mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Third target was to find out if the 10 steps for successful breast-feeding are also implemented in field. Fourth target was to find out how is the field education of mothers, concerning the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding, provided. There were following hypothesis determined: H1 - Genuine implementaiton of 10 steps for successful breast-feeding in hospitals corresponds with methodical recommendation as per WHO/UNICEF. H2 - Mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Both theories have been confirmed through research.There were also asked following research questions:VO1 - Does the genuine implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field correspond with methodical recommendations as per WHO/UNICEF? VO2 - What is the mother's opinion of implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field? The quantitative research part was processed via questionnaires focused on mothers after delivery during they stay at Gynaecological-Obstetrical clinic of College hospital in Pilsen. For qualitative research part of the thesis was chosen a structured field conversation with mothers who were 6 months after delivery. The results of the research show that the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is implemented indeed both in hospital and field. Mothers are allowed to breast-feed their childern within an hour from delivery. If the first breast-feeding hadn't been performed until one hour from delivery, mothers have been adquately informed how to stimulate and maintan lactation. Respondents in field declared that they were educated by nurse and pediatrician. All respondents in field coincident with opinion that implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is on high level. Results of reasearch may be a benefit and motivation for work of nursing personell of puerperium ward and rooming. Results may contribute to increase the quality of nursering care of breast-feeding mothers and newborns. In field can be results of the research used to increase the quality of mothers's training in breast-feeding both in pregnancy counsellings and prenatal courses. On the basis of this thesis results will be composed simple comprehensive manual, leaflet or web page which can be at mother's disposal by their attending gynaecologist, outpatient's department of maternity hospital, puerperium ward or at home via internet.
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Parenting style of mothers and fathers of adolescent eyes
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Hana
The thesis titled "Parenting style of mothers and fathers eyes adolescents' explores the differences of perception and evaluation of educational access of mothers and fathers to daughters and sons. The theoretical part contains basic information about the family, types of families, developmental characteristics during adolescence, types of educational styles. Part of this work is to present the research results of the educational style of mothers and fathers in terms of girls and boys. Data was collected using structured interviews with pupils eighth grade elementary school in March and April 2013.
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