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Stressors causing on clients hospitalized in intensive care units and standard wards
ČERNÁ, Lenka
Hospitalization is usually relatively new experience for a client. In this respect much is changing not only in the client´s body, but also in his mind. That is why we are right to ask: {\clq}qWhat is going on in the mind of a client on coming into the hospital, what influences him here, what is the influence of hospitalization as such?`` Experience of a sick man is determined by a specific role of a man as a patient who is in the process of treatment. The key psychological symptom of a sick man is the limitation and dependence resulting from his illness and relevant therapy, expectations and the necessity to create new relations to the medical staff, his co-patients, from the manner and character of the chosen treatment process, course of the treatment itself and the type of illness. Behaviour of a sick man is also shaped by his fears. He is afraid of pain, negative bodily changes, social changes, isolation and also of the death. Fear can manifest itself in a variety of ways. As each man is an individual, the manifestations of fear which the man feels are unique and varied and the fear can turn into stress. For the purpose of this bachelor work having the purpose of ascertaining which individual stressors influence the clients during the hospitalization on standard wards and intensive care wards (JIP) we used quantitative research investigation, enquiry method {--} semi-structured interview. Research set was formed by 8 clients in orthopaedic, neurology, traumatology and cardiology departments, out of whom 4 were in standard wards and 4 in intensive care wards in České Budějovice. From the detailed results of the research it followed that during hospitalization the clients are influenced by a vast number of stressors which negatively influence their experience and adaptation to the hospital environment. In certain aspects clients of both wards agree on the types of stressors, in others their opinions differ completely. We can quote as an example of stressors: pain, lack of sleep, early morning rising, excessive noise, lack of information, dependence on other people, impossibility to hold important roles, fear of death and many others. However, it is very interesting that the clients admit that some of the stressors are caused by their own behaviour and they feel the necessity to change the same. The fact that one of most important recourses for the clients while coping with this situation is the medical staff and both their verbal and non-verbal expressions is a very positive finding.
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Ways of activation seniocitizens patients
HOFBAUEROVÁ, Lenka
Presently, the population in developed countries all around the world is growing old, and this trend is also apparent in our country. Society should therefore seek solutions to ensure that also people of higher age can live in a meaningful way and, in particular, that they are enabled to do so by their health. Therefore, the activation of hospitalized seniors should also be one of them. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with involutional changes in old age, the role of nursing and a nurse in the care of seniors, activities of seniors, and methods of activation focusing on motion exercises are described in conclusion. The task of the practical part was to find out whether nurses are well versed in the issues of activation, whether they activate seniors by themselves or provide co-operation in activating them, and whether they involve relatives of the patients in the activation process. At the end of the thesis, the results ensuing from the questionnaires evaluated and from the objectives of the thesis set in advance are stated.
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Pregnant women and their perception of nursing care provided by midwifes during their stays at the Department of Gynekology and Obstetrics.
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Alena
Hospitalisation is a very stressful moment in everyone?s life. It is even more stressful for a pregnant woman. Woman?s worries about her healthy pregnancy development and child?s life become even greater at such time. Pregnant women are more sensitive and receptive to people and environment that surround them. Out of all medical staff, midwives spend the largest portion of time with pregnant women. Midwives utilize not only their nursing skills while providing nursing care to their clients, but also provide support and take care of clients? emotions. The theoretical part of the bachelor?s thesis at hand focuses on descriptions of physical and mental changes during pregnancy, and provides explanations of risk and pathological pregnancies. Subsequently, it provides information on psychosomatics during pregnancy, indications for hospitalisation during gravidity, and nursing care during the stay of a pregnant woman in hospital. This thesis identified two objectives. The first objective was to find out how hospitalised pregnant clients perceive the nursing care provided by midwives. The second objective was to observe whether the pregnant clients trust the medical staff. Based on these two objectives, five research questions were developed. Information needed for data processing and meeting the objectives was gathered by qualitative research using the technique of interview that was held with nine pregnant women. The data were collected in three different hospitals: a regional hospital, a district hospital (both in the South Bohemian Region), and a university hospital in Prague. Research corpus comprised of nine pregnant women that had been hospitalised with risk pregnancies at the department of gynecology for a period longer than 10 days. The research was carried out on the basis of the two defined objectives and five research questions. Both of the identified objectives have been met. The clients assess the nursing care provided by midwives positively and they trust the medical staff. The research questions were answered in full and necessary information was retrieved. The interviewed respondents would most preferably welcome antenatal courses held during their hospitalisations; more information given during their treatment process; and better quality communication with the medical staff. The author would welcome the idea that this thesis helps the other medical staff in better understanding of emotions, feelings and perceptions experienced by hospitalised pregnant women, which may in result help diminish some of the negative effects observed while staying in hospital.
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The attitude of nurses to hospitalized children from the point of the view of their dependets
CÍZLEROVÁ, Barbora
Lack of time, lack of staff, unwillingness of nurses, poor communication and cooperation of nurses with family members, and non-satisfaction of a child{\crq}s needs are the faults of nurses that affect their approach to the hospitalized children. These alarming facts are connected with hospitalization of children and, as a matter of course, influence the way a child feels in hospital, the way the parents look on hospitalization of their child, and the way the parents of a child regard the approach of nurses to their children during hospitalization in hospital. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain an opinion of a family member about the nurses{\crq} approach to the hospitalized children, and whether family members approve or disapprove the nurses{\crq} approach. The objective of the thesis has been attained. Three hypotheses were raised in the thesis. The first hypothesis ascertained whether a family member hospitalized with a child is more satisfied with the nurses{\crq} approach than a family member not hospitalized with a child. This was the sole hypothesis that has not been confirmed. The second hypothesis was to confirm that family members were informed about the nursing care of the hospitalized child. This hypothesis has been confirmed and revealed that despite occurrence of communication and awareness faults the parents often show initiative so they have the information they want to know and they need. The third hypothesis was to verify whether family members of a child were satisfied with the nurses{\crq} approach to the hospitalized child. The last hypothesis has also been confirmed. The data for the research were collected by means of a quantitative research. Family members were provided with anonymous questionnaires. The research set were family members of children hospitalized in hospitals Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s., Nemocnice Tábor, a.s. and in one of the hospitals in the capital city of Prague in the period from February to March 2010. This bachelor thesis could make nurses think and try to remedy the faults occurring in their approach to the hospitalized children. Together with the questionnaire focused on satisfaction with the nursing care, used by individual child wards for feedback purposes, the thesis may be used to identify deficiencies and faults and to facilitate their remedy.
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