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Stressors causing on clients hospitalized in intensive care units and standard wards
ČERNÁ, Lenka
Hospitalization is usually relatively new experience for a client. In this respect much is changing not only in the client´s body, but also in his mind. That is why we are right to ask: {\clq}qWhat is going on in the mind of a client on coming into the hospital, what influences him here, what is the influence of hospitalization as such?`` Experience of a sick man is determined by a specific role of a man as a patient who is in the process of treatment. The key psychological symptom of a sick man is the limitation and dependence resulting from his illness and relevant therapy, expectations and the necessity to create new relations to the medical staff, his co-patients, from the manner and character of the chosen treatment process, course of the treatment itself and the type of illness. Behaviour of a sick man is also shaped by his fears. He is afraid of pain, negative bodily changes, social changes, isolation and also of the death. Fear can manifest itself in a variety of ways. As each man is an individual, the manifestations of fear which the man feels are unique and varied and the fear can turn into stress. For the purpose of this bachelor work having the purpose of ascertaining which individual stressors influence the clients during the hospitalization on standard wards and intensive care wards (JIP) we used quantitative research investigation, enquiry method {--} semi-structured interview. Research set was formed by 8 clients in orthopaedic, neurology, traumatology and cardiology departments, out of whom 4 were in standard wards and 4 in intensive care wards in České Budějovice. From the detailed results of the research it followed that during hospitalization the clients are influenced by a vast number of stressors which negatively influence their experience and adaptation to the hospital environment. In certain aspects clients of both wards agree on the types of stressors, in others their opinions differ completely. We can quote as an example of stressors: pain, lack of sleep, early morning rising, excessive noise, lack of information, dependence on other people, impossibility to hold important roles, fear of death and many others. However, it is very interesting that the clients admit that some of the stressors are caused by their own behaviour and they feel the necessity to change the same. The fact that one of most important recourses for the clients while coping with this situation is the medical staff and both their verbal and non-verbal expressions is a very positive finding.
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Ways of activation seniocitizens patients
HOFBAUEROVÁ, Lenka
Presently, the population in developed countries all around the world is growing old, and this trend is also apparent in our country. Society should therefore seek solutions to ensure that also people of higher age can live in a meaningful way and, in particular, that they are enabled to do so by their health. Therefore, the activation of hospitalized seniors should also be one of them. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with involutional changes in old age, the role of nursing and a nurse in the care of seniors, activities of seniors, and methods of activation focusing on motion exercises are described in conclusion. The task of the practical part was to find out whether nurses are well versed in the issues of activation, whether they activate seniors by themselves or provide co-operation in activating them, and whether they involve relatives of the patients in the activation process. At the end of the thesis, the results ensuing from the questionnaires evaluated and from the objectives of the thesis set in advance are stated.
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