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The feeling of pain in patients after the surgical procedure
VAŇKOVÁ, Blanka
The Bachelor Thesis with the topic ``Algesthesia of patients after surgery{\crqq} deals with the patient pain and differences in its perception in the postoperative period. To achieve the set out goals, a research in form of questionnaire was carried out. The research set was formed from the patients hospitalized at Surgical Departments of the Hospitals in České Budějovice and Strakonice. The gals of the thesis were fulfilled, because we found out the real situation of the pertinent matter thanks to the research. The Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed, because the majority of the medical personnel checks-up the effects after analgesia. The Hypotheses 2 has been confirmed; the women percept the pain after a surgery stronger than men. The Hypothesis 3 has been confirmed, because the patients after the conduction anaesthesias percept pain less than those after a total anaesthesia. This Bachelor Thesis should make the nurses think about whether they offer enough to calm down the pain, check the effect after serving the analgesia, treat the patient with respect to the type of surgery and individual perception of pain.
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The Attitude of nurses to introduction of nursing process into the practice
KOTKOVÁ, Michaela
Abstract The attitude of nurses to implementing new nursing process methods into practice The contemporary modern health care philosophy stemming from the recommendations of the WHO ( World Health Organization), the ICN ( International Council of Nurses) and the EU (European Union) aims to specify the roles of a nurse and show the direction for a quality education of the medical staff and an individualized nursing care focused on patients´ needs. The nursing process has been changing constantly and it is necessary to introduce new methods into practice. The nursing process is a series of mutually connected activities done for the benefit of the patients and in collaboration with them if it is possible. The results of individual steps are recorded in the patient´s medical history which is substantial for this methodology. Nowadays, in majority of health care facilities in the Czech Republic the nursing process is an integral part of their care. The objective of this thesis was to find out nurses´ approach to the method and also whether they have enough knowledge to implement the method into practice. The results of the quantitative research by the questionnaire method I have conducted show that nurses´ attitudes to the modern nursing method have been changing favourably. They do not perceive the method to be annoying but they see it as a method that can help them better cope with their duties. I set several hypotheses. The hypothesis IV - nurses agree that the method enables to discover the patient´s real troubles better {--} was confirmed. The hypothesis V {--} nurses agree that the method enables to discover the patient´s potential troubles better {--} was also confirmed. On the other hand nurses still insist that the new nursing process brings about more paperwork {--} the hypothesis II proved to be correct. Nurses working in standard units in the hospital in Frýdek-Místek consider the new method more encumbering due to more paper handling. According to the data obtained by using the questionnaire method, nurses have enough theoretical knowledge on the nursing process. Only two questions asking about phases of the method were given false answers. Thus it is possible to conclude that nurses are well informed about the principles of the nursing process. Thereby the hypothesis VI was rejected - it supposed that nurses in standard units in the hospital in Frýdek -Místek did not have enough information on the new nursing process. The results of the research show that nurses agree with implementation of the methods into the nursing process. 57% nurses agree that the new nursing process will bring about a better care for patients, 54% nurses agree with implementation of the nursing process into practice. The hypothesis I - nurses working in the hospital in Frýdek Místek agree with implementation of the new nursing process methods into practice - proved to be correct. Also the hypothesis III - nurses are sure that new methods implementation will make for a better nursing care - was correct. A nurse is the key-person in the nursing process. To fulfill her crucial role it is necessary for her to be concerned with the new nursing process methods.
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Information problems of the client after operaion of the knee joint prosthesis prior to doischarge from the hospital
KAŠPÁRKOVÁ, Lucie
Presently a number of people who need to replace disabled knee-joint for artificial one is rising. The issue of a client{\crq}s awareness about necessity to keep the supportive measures would deserve much more attention. The theoretical framework deals with the post-operation care for a patient following a complete knee-joint replacement operation and the issue of the patient{\crq}s awareness, which is considered an important one in nursing nowadays. From results of research ensued that nurse's role is very important for patients' awareness about postoperative care after complet knee-joint replacement. A nurse should be an active part and should give the relevant informations to patients about postoperative care so that the stage of therapy will be without complications.
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Multidisciplinar admittance in care of oncological sick and the role of nurse at it
SCHÁNILCOVÁ, Zuzana
The oncology problems might be considered the most serious health problems in our republic and every second death of adults and children is caused of those diseases. The oncology diagnose can{\crq}t affect only patient{\crq}s health condition (mental and physical) but also his spiritual needs, social and work position. Successful managing those problems and needs of an oncology patient demands then the complex approach to those problems and some multidisciplinar cooperation together. A nurse always takes the position of the same standard with other members of an oncology team, too.The aim of this bachelor{\crq}s work is to determine nurses{\crq} cooperation with other members of the complex oncology team on some patients in the tested oncology departments.Then there had been determined six hypothesis, four of them were confirmed, two of them were not.All data were given by respondents in a survey. The research was made by 135 nurses working in the tested oncology departments.These research results can point us out, that is necessary to improve nurses{\crq} cooperation with other members of an oncology team, mainly with a clinical psychologist and with a spiritual worker.
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The necessity of visiting duty of primary care nurses at children´s patients
ZAVADILOVÁ, Adéla
Visiting service is a lawful activity of nurses working in paediatric departments. During the visiting service there is a possibility to obtain valuable information on the child{\crq}s family and its background. A nurse recommends the parents how to prevent diseases or injuries at their children. A nurse also educates them about a suitable diet, hygiene and upbringing. During the visiting service there is enough time for parents to ask about their children{\crq}s prevention and upbringing. A community nurse can stand in for this post of primary care nurse as well. Such kind of nurses has not been initiated yet in the Czech Republic. The Ministry of Health is going to include this kind of nurses in general educational programme.
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The experience of children with diagnosis and control of pain during hospitalization on children's wards
ZELLEROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis entitled "Experience of children in assessment and treatment of pain in hospitalization at children's departments" deals with the topic of children's pain and its treatment. The issue is the main topic of the theoretical and practical part of the thesis and both of them focus on children at their pre-school and school age. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of the issue, the psychology of a child at the pre-school and school age and also pain as such and its specifics in children. It is obvious that pain of a child is different not only in diagnostics and treatment. A child reacts differently also in experiencing pain, and also fables are often among people regarding pain that persist even these days. It is important to realize that a child is not a smaller adult, and that is why care for a child must be different. At the same time a child has to be taken as an integral human being who experiences pain and it always has to be assessed objectively according to scales and other objective methods selected according to the child's age. In this area, a big problem can be fables about children's pain that persist even in the current population. The research part of the thesis is aimed at interviews with children hospitalized at children's departments regarding their pain and also interviews with nurses. It compares information obtained from both groups of respondents and it looks for answers to questions of experiencing pain by a child, assessment by a nurse and treatment. It is apparent from the results of the research that children perceived differences in assessment and treatment of pain at home and in hospital, particularly in the change of the person that have to approach, and also in using non-pharmacological methods that are used more by mothers at home. This regards frequency and the way of pain assessment; children are not aware of regularity of assessment, they do not know the scales that the nurses mentioned as those that are used most often. Treatment of pain in hospitals is mostly pharmacological. But children do not always get the information about effect of a drug when it is administered to them. At the same time this part of the thesis looks for the possibilities and the need to create a standard for assessment and treatment of pain in children as well as the most important parts that the standards should contain. In this connection, a draft of the standard for nursing care of a child in pain was created within the thesis which makes up an appendix hereof.
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Use of Nurses' Competencies in Preventive Care of a Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease
MATSCHEOVÁ, Linda
Ischemic heart disease belongs to the most frequent diseases in developed countries. I have chosen this topic not only because I am interested in this issue but also because I work at emergency ward of internal medicine and majority of patients there suffer from this disease. There are two parts in my thesis {--} the theoretical and the research part. The theoretical part deals with heart anatomy and physiology, with epidemiology and aetiology, with risk factors, with classification, clinical picture, diagnostics, with treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease. Further, the thesis survey educational process, roles, mission, function and competences of a nurse. The first objective of the thesis was to find out the awareness of nurses´ competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The second objective was to find out, whether nurses are able to apply their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The third objective was to find out involvement of management (head nurses, departmental nurses, shift nurses) in the secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The fourth objective of the thesis was to find out whether nurses use their knowledge of secondary prevention in patients with ischemic heart disease. Four hypotheses were set for the above mentioned objectives. H1: Nurses are aware of their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. H2: Nurses are able to apply their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. H3: Shift nurses, motivated by head nurses, are more involved in the secondary prevention in patients with IHD. H4: Nurses use their knowledge in the area of secondary prevention in patients with IHD. A questionnaire was made up to achieve the objectives and to prove or to disprove the hypotheses of this research. The questionnaire contained 24 questions {--} closed and semi-closed. The research sample was formed from nurses from South Bohemian and central-Bohemian regions. 377 questionnaires were handed out. 242 questionnaires returned and 230 of them were applicable to the research. The first, second and fourth hypotheses were proved. Shift nurses are more involved in secondary prevention in patients with IHD, however, not on the basis of motivation by head nurses, thus, the fourth hypothesis was not proved. I also revealed that nurses do not have sufficient knowledge in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. On the grounds of these results we created mental maps on ischemic heart disease and its prevention. These maps might enhance nurses´ knowledge and improve the life of patients with ischemic heart disease.
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Attitude of Nursing Management to Nursing Research
BARTOŠOVÁ, Jana
A nursing research is an integral part of the nursing. An implementation of research activities in this field makes a basis for an improving of the nursing care and a development of the discipline itself. For nurses working in a clinical department who should carry out research investigations, there is important a knowledge how to conduct investigations and a support from the hospital management. Without this support they could not put the research results into practice which is currently based more on standard procedures. A theoretical part of the thesis deals with the nursing research, research concepts and its historical development. Then it also discusses ethical principles of the nursing research, nurses´ fundamental roles, evidence-based activities, opportunities of the research funding in the Czech Republic and an evaluation of a scientific work. An aim of the thesis was to establish the awareness, participation and interest of the primary and secondary level management in the nursing research. We have identified four hypotheses which we verified by a quantitative survey. H1: More general nurses with a higher education participate in the nursing research than the nurses who are graduates of the secondary medical school. H 2: General nurses-managers who completed a university education are better prepared for an implementation of the nursing research than nurses-managers with the secondary education. H3: The primary and secondary level nursing management of Hospital in České Budějovice participate in the nursing research more than the management from other hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. H 4: The nursing management which is involved in the nursing research apply the research results into practice. The quantitative survey was made by a questionnaire technique. The research sample consisted of nurses working on the positions of the secondary and primary level managers in the inpatients departments of hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. The investigation was conducted in eight hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. It is possible to say, that the awareness of the nursing research is on a good level, nearly half of the nurses monitor and apply the information and the research results in their clinical practice as well as most nurses are ready to implement either a simple research survey or to participate in the research under a guidance or to prepare and implement an independent research project. We believe that the nurses should be interested in the nursing research, but not as a part of their normal duties which they have in their workplace. For a development in the nursing field it is necessary to increase a further awareness of the nursing research and to encourage the nurses so that they should be interested to conduct this research. Results of the survey will be sent to the primary nurses/directors of the nursing in all of the addressed medical facilities. They may also serve as a basis for further research investigations. The lecture on the topic: ?The importance of the nursing research in the nurse´s work? will serve to raise the awareness of the nursing research.
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The family as a partner in the nursing process
GREGOROVÁ, Jana
Cooperation between a client?s family members and the medical staff in a nursing process is very important. It is beneficial in particular for the cilent since his/her family (especially in mental terms) and are able to put themselves in the cilent?s role. The family should support the hospitalized family member and show active participation in the nursing process, which should also be made possible by the medical staff. While providing nursing care, the medical staff pays their attention not only to the ill client but also to his/her family. Within the scope of the cooperation with the family they provide support and information. They have to ensure that not only the patient but also all his/her family members understand the disease, the treatment process and the consequences arising from the aforesaid for the family?s function. They also assess whether after ending the hospitalization the family is able to provide the aftercare at home or whether it is necessary to find another option of care after the patient?s discharge. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain whether the family participates in nursing of the hospitalized client. The objective of the thesis has been fulfilled.
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Problematics of General Nurses in Health Service
BABKA, Jakub
Currently, nursing is mostly taken as a profession for women with the title generel nurse. According to the Law of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Nr. 96/2004 Sb. Is the man who successfully completed degree course nurse, would be called a general attendant. Therefore was for processing selected work entitled Problems of general nursing in health care. In the theoretical part of it is elaborated in detail their involvement in the care of patients from past to present. Next, there are mentioned competence of general attendant in the theoretical part, nursing as an independent science and syndrome of burnout. The aim of the work was to determine patients satisfaction with general attendant, to determine which departments give priority general nurses and identify problems of general attendants. Based on it, they were established four hypotheses and one research question. H I: General attendants better handle physically demanding work than the nurses. H II: Patients give priority general attendants to general nurses in wards for male patients. H III: General attendants in urgent wards more often then in the standard wards work. H IV: Patients perceive positively general attendants in the hospital. Research question: What problems have general attendants? Investigation was carried out by means of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were addressed to patients, in the wards where general attendants work, in hospital in Písek, Prachatice, České Budějovice and Český Krumlov. Interview were made with 11 general attendants working in different wards of chosen hospitals. The questionnaire showed results that the general attendants better handle physically demanding work in a hospital and he is perceived positively. It follows that the hypothesis number 1 and 4 were confirmed. Interviews with general attendants pointed out that the general nurse works on the department of emergency care more frequently that on the standard wards. This confirms our hypothesis H3. It is obvious that the biggest problem is the designation of men in the field of general nurse as a general nurse. This designation is considered degrading. Other problems include dissatisfaction with the financial rewards and administration. We can draw following conlusions and hypotheses: 1) The biggest perceived problem is a general indication of the nursing profession, 2) general attendants are dissatisfied with their financial rewards; 3) General administrative work abstains general attendants of exercise of their profession. Work should help in resolution and answer of problem of general attendants, open wider and fruitful discussion. If it is possible.
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