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Problems of Keeping Non Pharmacological Treatment Measures by Clients with Arterial Hypertension
FUKOVÁ, Jitka
Hypertension is a very common cardiovascular disease. About 20-25 % of population in developed countries suffer from this problem. Long-term hypertension involves higher risk of myocardial infarction, celebrovascular accident, renal failure or eye problems. The treatment starts from non-farmacological measures connected with healthy living. The patients should stop smoking, reduce sodium, alcohol and animal fat intake, lose weight, avoid stress and improve physical training. The aim of this work is to find out if hypertensive patients know non-pharmacological measures and if they follow them. Two hypotheses were stated at the beginning: A questionnare as a quantitative research strategy was used in this work. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The results were grafically processed. The questionnaire was distributed to hypertensive patients of hospital wards in Písek, cardiological clinic in Písek and general practitioners in Písek and Milevsko. The number of respondents involved in the research was 111. Hypothesis 1: Hypertensive patients do not know non-pharmacological treatment measures. Hypothesis 2: Hypertensive patients do not follow non-pharmacological measures. Analysing the data, hypertensive patients know the non-pharmacological measures very well, hypertensive patients do not follow them. Hypothesis 1 was refuted and hypothesis 2 was proved. The analysis will be offered to cooperative hospital wards and general practitioners so that it can contribute to better secondary prevention of hypertensive patients.
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The satisfaction of child´s needs in the establishment: nursery
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Lea
The bachelor thesis is aimed at the determination of the level of satisfying biological and psychical needs of children in facilities of the nursery-like type. Nurseries belong to special health-care facilities ensuring the all-round development of children in accordance with the provisions of Act 20/1996 of the Law Code, section 38. In the 1990s these facilities were mostly liquidated, now the attendance is about 1% of the children up to 1 year of age. However, nowadays the concept of nursery-like care seems to gain in importance. The objective of the thesis was to find if the nursery-like health care facilities can satisfy the child´s biological and psychical needs. The thesis elaboration was based on qualitative research, on the analysis of documents, methods of observation and interviews with the nurses in the facility as well as the parents of the observed children. The survey took place in Emil Pitter Nursery in České Budějovice. The facility belongs to the allowance organization network Nurseries and Shelters, České Budějovice. The sample consisted of eight children who regularly attended the facility. The case reports involved in the thesis comprise the information obtained at the stage of survey.
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The need of sleep by patients with cardiovascular disease in ICU
KABEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Lately, attention has been focused on sleep problems. Poor quality sleep, insomnia or intentional sleep shortening are risk factors for cardiovascular disease development, overweight, diabetes and mental disorders. During hospitalization in the ICU the sleep quality in patients usually worsens not only because the disease itself but also owing to other factors, such as fear, anxiety, lack of information on the disease, unfamiliar environment or noisy monitors. The theoretical part is divided into five basic chapters as follows: sleep characteristics, the issue of sleep, cardiovascular disease, meeting sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit and the intervention of a nurse in meeting sleep needs in the sleep laboratory. I set two objectives in my thesis: The first objective: to learn if sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are met. The second objective: to identify factors influencing the fulfilment of sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit. Two hypotheses were suggested: The hypothesis I: sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met, The hypothesis II: the most percieved factor influencing sleep in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit was the change of environment. To achieve the objectives I used the questionnaire method. The research set included patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit in the České Budějovice hospital, Inc. The obtained data analysis shows that sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met. The most stressful factors are: the change of environment, monitor noisiness, lights switched on at night, uncomfortable beds and anxiety. The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives of my thesis were accomplished. In the closing part of my thesis I suggest some solutions to improve patients´ feelings and meet their sleep needs, such as dim lights at night, turned down monitoring apparatuses alarm, patients activation during the day, a calming dialogue with the patient, bed making and airing the room before night. I also enclose some attachments treating the issue of sleep needs.
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Knowledge of the Family with Alzheimer´s Disease Patient about Communication Specifics
ČERNÁ, Irena
Alzheimer´s disease belongs to the most common forms of dementia. The occurence of this disease rises with increasing life expectancy of population. The more serious the disease is the lower and more difficult is the possibility of patients to communicate with other people. Close relatives usually bear this situation with difficulties. The nurse should both be involved in the treatment and education of patients´ families. The aim of this work was to find out if family members are informed on specifics concerning communication with the patients and are interested in getting more information. The first hypothesis was based on the fact that family members do not know how to communicate with their close relatives suffering from Alzheimer´s disease and the second hypothesis was that family members are interested in getting more information on mutual communication. Quantitative research methods such as questioning and questionnaires for collecting data were used to analyse the work. Ninety-six respondents were asked. All of them were family members of Alzheimer´s disease patients who have been accommodated in Prácheň sanatorium in Písek and in Loucký mlýn. All data collected were analysed and projected into graphs. As a result, the first hypothesis was rifuted and the second was proved. The conclusions of this work will be used for further education of family members of Alzheimer´s disease patients. It will be organised professional seminars in both sanatoria, in Písek and Loucký mlýn. This way I would like to contribute to better communication between patients and their families.
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The nurse with high school (university) education as a member of nursing team
VACKOVÁ, Jana
Recently, the university-educated nurses´ integration into the nursing staff has been a topical issue. My thesis deals with the issue {\clqq} A university-educated nurse as a member of the nursing staff.`` The thesis is divided into two sections {--} theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part information on education of nurses in the past and nowadays is presented. The current health care legislation is also given attention to. The thesis deals with the health care philosophy and is focused on the personality of a nurse. The chapters of the practical section refer to the following topics: the study objective, hypotheses, the collecting data methodology, the characteristics of the research set. In the following chapter charts showing results of the research are presented. The results are then analysed, compared and evaluated. The objective of my thesis was to learn what is the university-educated nurses´ position in the nursing staff hierarchy. I wanted to examine what the rank of universityeducated nurses in the nursing team is from the viewpoint of other nursing staff members, doctors, patients and also the university-educated nurses themselves. I handed out questionnaires to four different research sets of respondents: patients, the secondaryschool- educated nurses, university-educated nurses and doctors. Two hypotheses were set. The obtained data analysis shows that the first hypothesis: {\clqq}the university-educated nurses´s position within the medical staff is not specified yet`` was confirmed. The second hypothesis: {\clqq}From the viewpoint of a patient the rank of a university-educated nurse and that of the school of nursing are the same`` was also confirmed. Besides these findings there are other very interesting conclusions emerging from the research. The data I obtained are compared to those obtained in a similar research four years ago. The thesis thus contributes to recognition what has changed in terms of the attitude to nurses and their education. Despite being an integral part of the nursing staff, the university-educated nurses have an ill-defined position within the nursing team. The objective of my thesis was achieved. The main contribution of my thesis may be the presentation of these conclusions to the public {--} the potential health care facilities clients. It could enhance the reputation of the nursing profession in society.
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Interaction between nurses and volunteers at hospital
LHOTSKÁ, Martina
Volunteering has not started to develop in the Czech Republic until 1989. It has reached also hospitals where volunteers come to see hospitalized patients to cheer them up and to assist at the daily routine. The main role of medical staff is to meet all patients´ needs {--} biological, emotional, social and spiritual ones. It is volunteers who help a lot in fulfilling this duty. The thesis is focused on the cooperation between staff nurses and volunteers in hospital.The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the history of volunteering, all the steps of the procedures leading to competence of treating patients. In the practical part the quantitative research is used. The first objective was to examine attitudes of staff nurses towards volunteers, i. e.if staff nurses consider volunteers´assistance to be of great benefit to patients. The second objective was to learn how volunteers assess staff nurses´ attitudes to their activities in hospital. To gather data questionnaires for staff nurses as well as volunteers were made up. The research was conducted in January and February 2008 in six nursing units in four hospitals in the regions of South Bohemia and Vysocina. According to the results of the research staff nurses largely appreciate volunteers´ assistance. Despite of that fact there were several averse responses on the part of staff nurses that may be the result of lack of information available. According to the feeling of volunteers themselves their concern in nursing is highly appreciated by most staff nurses. Of course, there is a lot to improve to achieve general satisfaction in this area. The research also includes an interview with a contact person between the two groups involved in the care for patients. The contact person´s view of the cooperation between staff nurses and volunteers is favourable. But there are still some difficulties in introducing the volunteer program into hospitals. The contact person is competent to give advice how to prevent possible misunderstandings between the medical staff and volunteers and mainly how not to discourage devoted volunteers from their service. The results of my research were requested by hospitals in Pelhrimov and Jihlava. They may be also provided to any health care facility interested in introducing the program called Volunteers in hospital into practice. This may help them to get valuable information from health care facilities experienced in volunteering.
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Adhering to the treatment regimen in a patient with asthma {--} the role of a nurse
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Adhering to the treatment regimen in a patient with asthma {--} the role of a nurse Asthma bronchiale is one of the diseases affecting a significant portion of the world population. It is estimated that 300 million people suffer from this disease on our planet. In economically developed countries asthma bronchiale is one of the most frequent chronic diseases with the prevalence of 10-15 %. The asthma prevalence and the prevalence of sensibilization against various allergens is increasing mainly in young population aged 6 to 7. The estimated prevalence in the Czech Republic is 8 %. Asthma represents considerable medical, social and economic stress for the patient, for his (her) family, but also for the whole society, from the viewpoint of absence from work or from school and also from the viewpoint of direct expenditures of the treatment and preventive care. Despite the fact that asthma currently remains a life-long incurable disease, it is a disease the symptoms of which may be mitigated. It is very important to adhere to the treatment regimen because this influences the course of the disease. The objectives of my thesis was to find out if patients follow the treatment regimen, if nurses educate patients and in what way. Three hypotheses were set: H I: patients do not follow the treatment regimen, H II: nurses educate patients to follow the treatment regimen, H III: the most frequent way how nurses educate patients is passing over information materials. The questionnaire method was used to achieve the objectives. The research set was formed by 60 respondents who were given out the questionnaires by a nurse. The data analysis shows that: H I {--} patients do not follow the treatment regimen {--} was rejected, H II {--} nurses educate patients to follow the treatment regimen {--} was confirmed and H III {--} the most frequent way how nurses educate patients is passing over information materials {--} was rejected. The results of my research show that patients are given enough information concerning their disease. Most of the patients follow the treatment regimen. But there are still reserves in nurses´ involvement in patients with asthma education.
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Problems lifelong learning of nurse
HALUZOVÁ, Jaroslava
My thesis addresses the issue of lifelong learning of nurses.Lifelong learing promotes high standards of profesional practice. The principles and values of lifelong learning are increasingly important. The objective of the research was to find out how motivated the health care personnel are to improve their skills and knowledge in the interest of their patients. In my research I also obsesrve if nurses have the responsibility to grow professionally and if they have enought access to information about lifelong education programs.For data collection the quantitative research was used.The summary of my research: nurses are concerned about lifelong learning, they are aware of the need to enhance the profesional practice. But they are not informed enough about relevant chances.The mandatory registration has enhanced the involvement in lifelong learning of nurses. But the most important motivating factor is the prospect for promotion and a better salary.
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Knowledges of nurses about classified crisis intervention on the standard internal and surgery wards
SOCHOROVÁ, Alena
Crisis intervention introduces professional help to a person in crisis. Every person experiences their crisis in specific way. Crisis intervention doesn`t only mean communication skills, which include verbal, nonverbal, and paraverbal areas. Even though crisis intervention is especially a domain of psychiatric units, knowledge of it is important even in departments not specifically conversant with illnesses of psyche. In health care within the Czech Republic exist standards for crisis intervention not yet clearly defined. It is provided by a clinical psychologist as a professional service, or in the terms of psychotherapy, a person who is competent to give systematic psychotherapy in health care (clinical psychologist, doctor {--} psychiatrist with specified education). The steps of professional crisis intervention are among the basic working tools of a nurse. The knowledge of crisis intervention from nurses and its usage in communication with patients presents significant improvement of the nursing (caring) system of clients who are in crisis situation. The chapter current status discusses crisis, crisis intervention, questions of nursing, and about the role of the nurse in crisis intervention. The goal of this work was to explore the knowledge of nurses in professional crisis intervention. In the research process, I focused myself on the nurses{\crq} professional crisis intervention knowledge. In addition, I focused on how the nurses perceive the importance of professional communication with patients and, last but not least, whether the nurses perceive patients` problems solely on a physical level, or also as a psycho {--} social {--} spiritual part of a human, even within the perception of crisis situations. The first stated hypothesis called ``Nurses do not have efficient knowledge in crisis intervention{\crqq} was confirmed. The second stated hypothesis, ``Nurses do not have sufficient information sources{\crqq}, was not confirmed. And the third hypothesis called ``Nurses do not know the rules of communication with components of crisis intervention{\crqq} was also confirmed.
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Education of a patient with Atopic Dermatitis
ČERVENÁ, Jana
The topic of this bachelor´s work is {\clqq}Education of a patient with atopic dermatitis``, and deals with education of patients performed by nurses working at outpatient departments of dermatology. There were objectives and hypotheses determined for the work and then verified with the help of a quality research. As an instrument of the research a questionnaire was used for the patients visiting outpatient departments of dermatology in Vysočina and Středočeský regions. Another instrument of the research used here was a structured interview with nurses as a group of research working at outpatient departments of dermatology in Vysočina and Středočeský regions. The objective of the research was to determine if the patients with atopic dermatitis are satisfied with education of nurses, and to find out the forms of education of the patients with atopic dermatitis. After handing out the questionnaires, information was processed and consequently hypotheses either confirmed or disconfirmed The research showed that the patients are satisfied with nurses education concerning atopic dermatitis. The first hypothesis was verified by the research. We found out that nurses educate the patients in atopic dermatitis in the form of information leaflets. The second hypothesis was verified as well. The research confirmed that the patients search for information about atopic dermatitis in a very active way, which, at the same time, verified the hypothesis number three. This disorder belongs to demanding life situations both emotionally and mentally. A nurse task here is to offer her empathetic and holistic approach and participate in health improvement of the patient. In the course of education, a nurse completes and affects the knowledge, abilities, approach and behaviour of the patient to encourage his own effort and help him this way to improve his health condition.
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