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Single-cell RNA sequencing in leukemia
Brodská, Johana ; Froňková, Eva (advisor) ; Obr, Adam (referee)
Leukemia is a cancer of hematopoietic cells affecting the whole organism. Currently, there are many treatment options for all disease types, but it is still not always possible to fully cure the patient. The single-cell RNA sequencing method offers a new insight into the heterogeneity of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells in the leukemic environment. This thesis aims to briefly present the method and its history and to highlight current findings about leukemia obtained with the help of it. Keywords leukemia (AML, CML, ALL, CLL), sequencing, scRNA-seq, cells, transcriptome, treatment Okomentoval(a): [o1]: To the reader se v odborné literatuře moc nepoužívá
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Mechanisms of the cell migration in the early embryonic development of vertebrates
Kováčiková, Petra ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
Cell migration, usually seen as a relatively well understood phenomenon, is involved in many aspects of multicellular organisms. While given a major attention due to its part in physiological processes, such as immune response, wound-healing and regeneration, or pathologies like progression of metastatic cancers, its key role in the body plan formation is far less understood and often overlooked. During a process called gastrulation, precursors of three germ layers - superficial ectoderm, inner endoderm and medial mesoderm - are arranged according to their fate, generating a three-layered embryo, a hallmark of triblastic vertebrates. The onset of this highly coordinated step of early embryonic development is accompanied by fine-tuned cell migration, which needs to be downregulated in adults in order to maintain a homeostasis. The cells forming gastrulating embryos collectively undergo a set of behaviors termed morphogenetic movements whose features - partially comparable to ones observed on cells migrating in culture - are shared among vertebrate species, providing valuable insights into "hidden homology" and phylogenetic relationships. Research focusing on regulation and mechanisms of morphogenesis is mostly conducted using Xenopus laevis as a model organism, extrapolating results to higher...
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Atomic force microscopy in the region of biomacromolecules
Vančura, Martin ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bednárová, Lucie (referee)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables sample imaging at the micro and nanoscale. Recently, the method is applied to investigate biomacromolecules. Here, we describe the basic principles of AFM with a special emphasis for bioapplications. We tested experimental abilities of Alpha 300 - the Raman microscope with AFM/SNOM accessory from WITec company. The ability of AFM to study objects of cellular dimensions was demonstrated on erythrocytes and green algae Desmodesmus quadricauda. We were able to observe growing of lysozyme protein fibrils on day scale - from dimensions of seeds (~3 nm height) up to fibrils itself (3-10 nm height and 100 nm up to micrometers length). Subsequently, we observed separate protein molecules of thyroglobulin (~6 nm) and also γ-globulin (~3 nm). It seems plausible to image objects up to 2 nm dimensions by the given device with respect to the signal/noise ratio.
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Electronic effects at the interface between biomolecules, cells and diamond
Krátká, Marie ; Rezek, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Cifra, Michal (referee) ; Skládal, Petr (referee)
Understanding and control of interactions between biological environment (cells, proteins, tissues, membranes, electrolytes, etc.) and solid-state surfaces is fundamental for biomedical applications such as bio-sensors, bio-electronics, tissue engineering and implant materials as well as for environmental monitoring, security and other fields. Diamond can provide unique combination of semiconducting, chemical, optical, biocompatible and other properties for this purpose. In this thesis we characterize electronic properties of protein-diamond interface by employing a solution-gated field-effect transistor (SGFET) based on hydrogen-terminated diamond, surface of which is exposed to biological media. We elucidate the role of adsorbed protein layer on the electronic response of the diamond transistor. We investigate effects of cells (using mainly osteoblast cells as model) on diamond SGFETs transfer characteristics and gate currents. We employ nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films of different grain sizes (80 - 250 nm) to characterize and discuss influence of grain boundaries and sp2 phase on bio- electronic function of SGFETs. We investigate effects of gamma irradiation on function and stability of hydrogen-terminated diamond SGFETs interfaced with proteins and cells, showing feasibility of...
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Optimization of a method for the determination of inorganic ions using capillary electrophoresis
Špačková, Simona ; Bezděková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Vaculovičová, Markéta (advisor)
Inorganic ions are one of the most important group chemicals. Their importance is crucial for all living organisms on the planet and monitoring of their content is essential for this purpose in clinical or environmental analysis but also in the food industry, agriculture or many other industries. Many analytical methods for ion detection have been designed and used, depending on the area of their use. Recently, numerous methods have been adapted to areas where not primarily intended. One such methods may be, for example, laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which has recently begun to affect the analysis of biological samples. As a complementary method, able to detect also non-metallic ions is capillary electrophoresis. In this master thesis, the possibility of applying capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection for the separation of inorganic ions in cell lysates of HeLa cells by capillary electrophoresis was verified. Main attention was paid to chloride ions. The ability to separate inorganic compounds in cellular material using salicylic acid as an absorbing anion in the base electrolyte was tested.
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Comparison of different types of commercial lithium-ion batteries
Šindelářová, Anna ; Kazda, Tomáš (referee) ; Libich, Jiří (advisor)
The master's thesis is devoted to the comparison of different types of lithium-ion batteries. Primarily, an introduction to electrochemical power sources and their division is described. Furthermore, the thesis deals only with lithium-ion batteries. In the theoretical part, the chapters discuss the history, the principle of operation and a detailed description of the main battery parts, including used materials. A comparison of commercially available lithium-ion cells with each other as well as with other types of batteries is also included in the theoretical part. The practical part deals with the cyclinf of lithium-ion cells and subsequent evaluation of the effect of temperature on the capacitance and current characteristics of these lithium-ion batteries.
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Cell detection using convolutional neural networks
Doskočil, Ondřej ; Chmelík, Jiří (referee) ; Vičar, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of convolutional neural networks for cell detection in image data. The theoretical part contains a description of the functioning of these networks and their various architectures. In the practical part, these networks were implemented and trained on an available dataset. However, each of these networks uses a different approach to detection. Finally, the individual networks were statistically evaluated and a discussion was conducted.
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THE WAYS OF ACTIVATING TP53
Polášková, Alena ; Helma, Robert ; Adámik, Matěj ; Hronešová, L. ; Holacka, K. ; Ballová, L. ; Brázdová, Marie
P53, AGENTS, CELLS,P53, AGENTS, CELLS,P53, AGENTS, CELLS,P53, AGENTS, CELLS
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Advanced Technologies In Battery Sources
Pagáčová, Lenka
This article discusses the advanced technologies in battery sources. Introduction is focused on our modern society in conjunction with electrochemical energy sources. The core of article include two plots from this topic and explains the parameters of different sources. In the last part of this article is presented one type of energy source that is not currently used in practice, however it can be interesting for future aplications. Conclusion sumarizes the information from article.
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Electronic effects at the interface between biomolecules, cells and diamond
Krátká, Marie ; Rezek, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Cifra, Michal (referee) ; Skládal, Petr (referee)
Understanding and control of interactions between biological environment (cells, proteins, tissues, membranes, electrolytes, etc.) and solid-state surfaces is fundamental for biomedical applications such as bio-sensors, bio-electronics, tissue engineering and implant materials as well as for environmental monitoring, security and other fields. Diamond can provide unique combination of semiconducting, chemical, optical, biocompatible and other properties for this purpose. In this thesis we characterize electronic properties of protein-diamond interface by employing a solution-gated field-effect transistor (SGFET) based on hydrogen-terminated diamond, surface of which is exposed to biological media. We elucidate the role of adsorbed protein layer on the electronic response of the diamond transistor. We investigate effects of cells (using mainly osteoblast cells as model) on diamond SGFETs transfer characteristics and gate currents. We employ nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films of different grain sizes (80 - 250 nm) to characterize and discuss influence of grain boundaries and sp2 phase on bio- electronic function of SGFETs. We investigate effects of gamma irradiation on function and stability of hydrogen-terminated diamond SGFETs interfaced with proteins and cells, showing feasibility of...
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