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Analysis of health problems in the breed parrots of the genus Amazona
JEŘÁBEK, Zdeněk
In addition to several critically endangered species, parrots of the genus Amazon are now commonly kept in the breeding zoos (zoological gardens) and as breeding pets. In observance of certain rules it is possible these parrots from tropical areas of the New World breed well in our environment and climate. Even with what the most suitable conditions for breeding in captivity, these parrots can be affected by various health problems and diseases. This study aimed to gather the latest knowledge veterinary issues affecting the parrots of the genus Amazon and they are divided into sections according to the type of disease and occurring health problems. Index of bird diseases: Infectious diseases. Injuries and accidents. Environmental effects. Development and growth abnormalities. Cancer diseases. Other diseases. The list of these diseases concludes summary of the most common diseases. At the end of this work are listed diseases to which they have parrots the genus Amazon predisposing conditions.
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The teaching prevention of infectious diseases in Czech education system
JOSKOVÁ, Jitka
The major goal of the thesis "Teaching prevention of infectious diseases in Czech school system" is to determine whether and to what extent is the curriculum of elementary schools incorporated lessons prevention of infectious diseases. Part of the curriculum in primary schools should be framework of basic education, prevention of infectious diseases, because it is the only way that the children instill awareness of the basic types of microorganisms, various ways of transmission, the difference between viral and bacterial diseases as well as the different treatment of these diseases. Only in such a way, the teaching of the issue touches the vast majority of primary schools (6-15years). The thesis consists of two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part.
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The chosen topics from health propedeutics - tattoo, piercing and intimate hygiene of boys and girls in the age between 12 - 15 years.
HÁKOVÁ, Alena
The thesis is based on the results of theoretical - empirical studies. The aim of my thesis is the primary monitoring of the skills of boys and girls in the pubescent age from the chapters selected from propedeutics. This is an area of tattoos, piercings and intimate hygiene. Keywords: tattoo, piercing, intimate hygiene, boy, girl, health propedeutics, body art, infection. The work consists of several parts. The theoretical part describes the function of tattoos, side effects of application, piercings, intimate hygiene of men and women, the development of children in the age of 12 to 15 years, compulsory school attendance. The practical part analyzes the level of awareness, identifies students' attitudes towards this issue. Analysis are based on questionnaires which I wrote by myself and which were filled in by students of selected schools. Processing is shown in the graphic design. In conclusion, I can certify that the students of secondary schools are better informed than primary school students. Research question ?girls are better informed than boys? was been confirmed.
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Important food-borne pathogens in raw cow´s milk
HRUBEŠOVÁ, Kristýna
This work talks about the problems of food-borne pathogens in raw milk, with a special focus on Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus including its negative influence on health of the consumers. The topic of consumption of raw milk was lately a much discussed question and is further described in the text. With consideration to possible occurrence of food-borne pathogens, it is important to thermally treat raw milk before consumption. Despite this fact there is still a large number of consumers who don?t respect this technical procedure and they threaten their own health.
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Poultry cryptosporidiosis
KURAL, Vladimír
A total of 270 samples of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from 20 farms were collected during two consecutive years (from 2011 to 2012). Microscopical examination of aniline-carbol-methyl violet stained fecal smears revealed 5 positive samples originating from one farm. DNA was extracted from Cryptosporidium positive samples and all microscopically negative samples. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the partial SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium. The sequence analyses of PCR-positive specimens identified 8 samples as a novel genotype, working titled Cryptosporidium hen genotype. The sequences identified as hen genotype matched most closely with Cryptosporidium bovis which was originally reported from cattle in the most cases.
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Methodics of molecular detection of Barley yellow dwarf virus in vectors by RT-PCR
Jarošová, Jana ; Jaňourová, Blanka ; Kumar, Jiban
Barley yellow dwarf is one of the most important viral diseases of cereals in the world. It can cause significant yield losses in most cereal species, including wheat, barley, rice, corn, oat and rye. In this methodology we provide assays for reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for sensitive detection of barley yellow dwarf virus directly in the vectors, in aphids. This way it is possible to evaluate infectivity of vectors and from that conclude subsequent measures. The methodology is meant to serve the employees of State Phytosanitary Administration.
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Detection of cryptosporidia by means of molecular methods in clinical samples:infection or the transit of oocyst through the host gastrointestinal tract?
MUNZAROVÁ, Lucie
Representatives of the Cryptosporidium family are, from a medical and veterinary aspect, designated as important unicellular parasitic protozoa infecting all classes of vertebrates including humans. Their development cycle is monoxene, which means that its life cycle is completed uniquely in one host. Their exogenous stages of infection development ? oocysts ? are mostly secreted in faeces causing a parasitic disease called Cryptosporidiosis. Generally, it is assumed that isolated cryptosporidia from one class of vertebrates are not contagious for other hosts from different classes, and also, that the majority of cryptosporidia types and genotypes have low host specifity. However, there are many cases where the presence of oocysts was proved, or the presence of specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces of atypical hosts. With regard to the fact that the majority of genotypes and their potential hosts were described only on the basis of the presence of the specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces, the question arises as to whether the aforementioned hosts are in all cases perceptive to the given infection, or it was only contamination in a sample or the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract. This issue is also characterised as being the main objective of this thesis. The study gives an appropriate answer to this question by a series of experiments. Different isolations of cryptosporidia were used for experimental infection of rodents which were per orally infected and put down after reaching the specified patent period. By means of the combination of standard parasitological and molecular methods, the presence of oocysts and specific DNA of cryptosporidia in faeces and in mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract of infected hosts was observed. The results of this study prove that the transit of oocysts through the gastrointestinal tract can be detected in the interval between 6 and 24 hours after infection, yet not in every case. On the basis of this finding, the first hypothesis which stated that it is not possible to qualify explicitly by detection of a specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces whether the infection has begun in the host or it is the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract, was thus partially proved. On the other hand the second hypothesis stating that the specific cryptosporidium DNA in clinical samples of faeces can be detected only in cases of the host´s successful infection, was rejected.
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Intraspecies variability of Cryptosporidium parvum infecting calves
HOLUBOVÁ, Nikola
Faecal samples for parasitologic examination were obtained from ten farms. A total of 161 faecal specimens were fixed on a slide by methanol and stained with aniline-carbol-methyl violet. Of the 161 specimens, 47 (29,2 %) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts presence, namely Cryptosporidium parvum. The prevalence of C. parvum infection was highest in calves around 2 weeks of age, the erder ones were also recorded to be positive but in a weeker intensity. As the most risky management system was evaluated to be technology group housing and housing in ``Staimanové boudy{\crqq}, which were in close proximity and contact between neighboring calves was not prevented. In each breeding, only one type of subtype was detected.
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Specific care of women with sexually transmitted diseases
HVÍŽĎALOVÁ, Zuzana
Particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. The bachelor thesis deals with particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases are an issue worldwide in spite of progresses in modern medicine. In pregnant women this issue is even more vital as not only the mother but also the child is affected and the disease can be transmitted from mother to the child. The greatest risk for the child is vertical transmission. The dermatovenerological and infection departments provide care for women suffering from STD. Pregnant women suffering from such infectious diseases are placed in the hospital Na Bulovce for the whole Czech Republic. Sexually transmitted diseases are those that are passed by sexual intercourse or the way of transmission has an epidemiological significance. Among these diseases more than 25 various microorganisms are included, e.g. fungi, arthropods, maggots, protozoa spirochetes, bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia and viruses. Among sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhoea, inborn, primary or third stage syphilis, soft sore and veneric lymphogranuloma. The law provides for this diseases to be reported obligatorily and it is the duty of the patient to undergo treatment and come to regular examinations. The first goal of this paper is to find out how the medical staff is informed on particulars of care for women suffering from STD, the second goal aims at evaluating the situation concerning adherence to barrier care for women suffering from STD and the third goal is to create a manual of standards in care for women suffering from STD. To find out the goals a hypothesis and a research question were set. For the quantitative survey a questionnaire was prepared and for the qualitative research a monitoring list was prepared. The researched group was made up by nurses working at dermatovenerological and infection departments. The research was carried out in three medical institutions in the Czech Republic. The results of the research were very good. There is a premise in the hypothesis that the nursing staff know how to take care for women suffering from STD. This hypothesis was confirmed. In majority of questions concerning the care for women suffering from STD more than 70% of respondents replied correctly. The answer on the research question is also very good. The qualitative research has shown that more than 80% of nurses adhere to almost all principles of barrier care. Based on the research a a manual of standards has been created for the care for women suffering from STD that could be applied as a source of information for the nursing staff.
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