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The Continuity Indicators Calculation of E-ON ČR Distribution Network Segment
Girga, Eduard ; Černý, Pavel (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this master’s thesis is calculation and analysis of reliability indicators of the company E.ON Česká republika, s.r.o. distribution network in the south Moravia territory (area of former Jihomoravská energetika) for the period of one year, from 1st November 2008 to 31st October 2009. We consider events incurred on overhead or underground lines of level of high voltage or directly connected with these lines. Events originated from extensive disaster interruption of electric energy supply caused by particularly unfavourable external effects are not considered, because network components can not be efficiently dimensioned on those influences. Known aspects of the events are time of origin, time duration, place and cause of failure inception. Analysis of reliability indicators is accomplished according to different point of view. The first aspect is the hours of day, during which the event lasted. The second aspect is the hours of day, during which the event incurred. The third one focuses component pointed as reliable for the origin of the event. The last standpoint is percentage load of the line outlet, on which the event occurred. We can ordain this load as the proportion of current flowing through the line outlet in the time of event inception and of the value of maximum current set up on the protection of the line outlet. Indications mentioned in the last sentence were searched in the dispatcher centre thanks to graphical interface of application RIS JME Brno. In the theoretical part of the work there is described the structure of distribution network and its fundamental influence on the continuity of electric energy supply, the ways of evaluation and increasing of electric energy supply reliability, regulation of continuity of electric energy supply with emphasis on regulation in the Czech Republic valid until 26th February 2010 and since 27th February 2010. The last theoretical part focuses on definition of failure and differentiation of failures according to various aspects.
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Distribution Network Development and Configuration
Pospíšil, Petr ; Beneš, Jan (referee) ; Topolánek, David (advisor)
The theme of this master‘s thesis is distribution network development and configuration in the part of Brno – Trnitá. There is expected to be investments there in the next few years. The thesis consists of two parts. For better understanding of this problem, the first theoretical part concerns with the description of electrical network (subdivision in accordance with voltage levels, conductor types, network types and other electrical network parts), solution of grid’s steady state (as a linear task and also non-linear task, elimination of the balancing node, the iterative method) and Brno distribution network characteristics. The second part concerns with distribution network development and configuration depending on anticipated load development in Trnitá. The result is proposal for transformer station construction Opuštěná fitted with three transformers of nominal output SN = 40 MVA and network configuration change required both for providing new consumption supply as well as sustaining current one.
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Dispersed production and its influence on distribution network
Kácl, František ; Vybíralík, František (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with dispersed generation (production). The small electric power sources are connected into distribution networks. Types and principles of the small electric power sources are studied. The legislation framework concerning renewable energy sources utilization is described. These power plants have impact into distribution networks and therefore techniques for the source connection to distribution network are included in the thesis. The impact of the specific small source of electricity must be studied.
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Possibilities of using multi - dimensional statistical analyses methods when evaluating reliability of distribution networks
Geschwinder, Lukáš ; Skala, Petr (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The aim of this study is evaluation of using multi-dimensional statistical analyses methods as a tool for simulations of reliability of distribution network. Prefered methods are a cluster analysis (CLU) and a principal component analysis (PCA). CLU is used for a division of objects on the basis of their signs and a calculation of the distance between objects into groups whose characteristics should be similar. The readout can reveal a secret structure in data. PCA is used for a location of a structure in signs of multi-dimensional matrix data. Signs present separate quantities describing the given object. PCA uses a dissolution of a primary matrix data to structural and noise matrix data. It concerns the transformation of primary matrix data into new grid system of principal components. New conversion data are called a score. Principal components generating orthogonal system of new position. Distribution network from the aspect of reliability can be characterized by a number of new statistical quantities. Reliability indicators might be: interruption numbers, interruption time. Integral reliability indicators might be: system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) and system average interruption duration index (SAIDI). In conclusion, there is a comparison of performed SAIFI simulation according to negatively binomial division and provided values from a distribution company. It is performed a test at description of sign dependences and outlet divisions.
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Proposal of the reconstruction of the distribution network in a specific area
Novák, Vojtěch ; Mrvová, Dana (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
This diploma thesis is concerned with reconstruction of distribution network in Hruba Vrbka. The diploma thesis is divided in two parts. For better understanding to this issue, the first theoretical part is shortly dedicated to the history of electrical power system, to the several types of distribution network of low voltage and high voltage and their utilization in the area, considering the reliability and the quality of delivery of the electric energy. In this thesis there is mentioned division of distribution grids according to placing of cable lines, according to voltage and according to type of grid connection. Next part of this work is dedicated to the description of overhead lines and cable lines and their characteristics. For the proper concept of the grid we should know some characteristics of the electric line’s proposal: mechanical strength, warming, voltage drop, efficiency, degree of safety and provision of delivery. In the end of the theoretical part there are described methods for calculation of grid’s steady state as a linear task and also non-linear task, elimination of the balancing node, the iterative method, the reduction of external power take-off nodes and the solution of the steady state of the network through the direct current model. The second part of the diploma thesis is concerned with the calculation of the steady state in the village Hruba Vrbka. In this part is also described the KASI program which was used for the calculation of the grid’s steady state. Firstly low voltage grid’s balance in Hruba Vrbka was found out and evaluated and then there were proposed some solutions of the reconstruction for the grid improving. The suggested options of the reconstruction are considered from technical and economical point of view and the best solution is chosen. For this solution there is suggested the protection through program SICHR 9. In the end of this diploma thesis there is checked the load of the high voltage line.
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Design of the expansion of 22 kV distribution network in a specific part of the city of Brno
Lakomý, Vojtěch ; Nepevná, Vlastimila (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to design measures of the distribution network in Brno to ensure a supply of electricity to its consumers in required quantity, quality and reliability. This project will be solved in the program called PAS DAISY Off-Line v.4.00 Bizon. At first we make an analysis of the steady state of the distribution network. We check load of transformer stations 110/22 kV, overhead and cable lines if they operate in allowed limits. Then we complete or correct reserved power drains of big consumers of electricity in the model of distribution system. From the calculation of the steady state of the distribution network we will probably find out that some parts of the system are overloaded. Therefore we suggest changes for it (like switching over circuits, installation of new transformer stations and circuits), which should ensure safety and reliability of operations in the distribution system.
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Long-term Electric Power Failure in the Czech Republic
KADLECOVÁ, Zdeňka
The electric power is one of the key products without which functioning of our society would be hard to imagine. The electricity distribution network is an interconnected system comprising of a manufacturing part producing electricity from various sources, a transmission system of conductors and equipment, distribution systems of high and low voltage, and of technical control stations suitably distributed to control the whole network. Energy security means ensuring continuity of necessary supplies of energy and energy services to accommodate the protected interests of the state. A long-term electric power failure may have serious consequences for the state security, for providing for basic subsistence needs of the population, individual?s health or the state economy. For their maintenance under ordinary as well as emergency conditions it is particularly necessary to ensure functioning of critical infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to examine the level of preparedness of the subjects within the critical infrastructure for a long-term interruption of electric power supplies and to create a draft of an emergency preparedness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure focused on a long-term electric power failure. The research part of the thesis has two parts. The first part includes processing and analysis of the data acquired though a questionnaire survey. The second one presents a draft of the emergency preparedness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure. The results of the questionnaire survey showed a good readiness of the critical infrastructure for a long-term, extensive electric power failure, which confirms the set hypothesis. The thesis introduces the public, particularly the subjects of the critical infrastructure, to the possibilities of occurrence of long-term, extensive electric power failures, with available prevention of such emergency situations and their preparation, planning and solving. The presented emergency plan draft should help with preparation of an emergency readiness plan of a subject within the critical infrastructure, including outlining the ways to solve emergency situations that may arise in relation with a power failure, and thus to improve protection of the critical infrastructure elements.
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Analyze to use of network marketing in a company
SAIKO, Michaela
In my work I appreciated and considered the particular advantages compared to classical network marketing business. In the theoretical part, I mainly focused on the definition of network marketing, network marketing history, abuse of the principle of NWM, advantages and disadvantages of network marketing, illegal system and calculation of remuneration in network marketing. The analysis was first carried out the characteristics of the selected company, followed by analysis of network marketing in particular, core company products. The analysis network marketing was done evaluation work and subsequently recommended changes.
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Cluster analysis of more dimensional data by a neural network
Helcl, Zbyněk ; Křivan, Miloš (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
The topic of the present thesis is an analysis of a sample data archive containing measured values of real and reactive power. The measurement in question took place in late 2006 and early 2007 using MEg40 recording measurement devices disposed in a station for transforming high voltage to low voltage in the Pražská energetika distribution network. The procedure of processing measured values, the preparation thereof for a subsequent processing by a neural network, and a final statistical evaluation of determined individual clusters -- typical daily take-off diagrams -- will be described. The results of the present thesis may be applied in the making of predictions of electrical energy consumption at a particular transformer station.
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