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Atopic eczema in children's health and social impact
PÁLKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis deals with atopic eczema in children and its health and social impact. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is focused on explaining the basic concepts in dermatology, presenting the anatomy and physiology of skin and its specific qualities in childhood, defining the atopic eczema and outlining its etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment and nursing care as well as health and social impacts of eczema. The practical part of the thesis set up three goals. The first objective was to determine the impact of the disease on children and their families. The second objective of the research was to determine the role of a nurse in the treatment of children with atopic eczema. The third objective was to create an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research based on two semistructured interviews was carried out. The first of the two interviews was conducted with mothers of sick children. The research group consisted of ten mothers, five from Prague and five from České Budějovice. The second interview was performed with nurses in GP surgeries for children and adolescents and in surgeries of dermatologists and allergists. The second research group consisted of eight nurses, four of which worked in GP surgeries for children and adolescents, two with dermatologists and two with allergists. Nurses, as well as mothers, came from Prague and České Budějovice. Attention was paid to problems that mothers and children find the most annoying. Small children under four years of age are most bothered by the itching and pain; part of these children also dislike daily skin care. Children from five years up are upset about insufficient contact with their peers and limitations in performing their activities of interest. They have to make sure they do not swear while enjoying their hobbies and their skin must not come into contact with irritants. Their mothers suffer from the unpredictability of the disease and from not knowing whether the eczema will ever disappear. They also fear that the eczema might get worse. The medical complications related to atopic eczema include Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, warts, Molluscum contagiosum and herpes in eczema-affected areas. Other complications include itching, pain, sleep disorders in the mother and child, subsequent fatigue, impaired performance at school and/or work. Generally, children and mothers have positive relationships with others, yet sometimes the have to face curious looks. Mothers tend to spend less time with their partners than they would desire. As for nurses, it was found out that the primary role in patients? education is played by doctors, whereas nurses, in addition to performing their administrative duties, provide additional information and educational materials and respond to parents? practical questions. The research results may serve mainly to parents and their children with atopic eczema as a source of information about the problems they might encounter, helping them to address such problems. The output of the thesis will be an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema.
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Home nursing procedures in newborn and baby skin care
GENGELOVÁ, Gabriela
Abstract Hygiene plays a very important role in our lives. It is often influenced by social, cultural, family and individual factors, as well as by knowledge about health and hygiene. The skin of a child is very soft and sensitive, and therefore requires careful and considerate care throughout the whole period of childhood, especially in the neonatal period and infancy. Skin care of newborns and infants is an essential attribute of the child?s health care. Such care is an individual matter, and it will always depend on family circumstances in which the child lives and on a suitable and proper approach of parents and physicians. The aim of this thesis was to determine the level of knowledge of mothers and the use of such knowledge in skin care of newborns and infants at home. The second objective was to prepare educational material for mothers. The thesis makes use of the questionnaire method. For this purpose, 274 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was distributed to mothers of newborns and infants, who take care of their skin at home. The investigation was carried out at pediatrics in the South Bohemian and Pilsen regions. The results of the research are introduced using graphs and some of the results are statistically evaluated by a chi-square test. Two hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1: Mothers have enough information regarding the skin care of newborns and infants at home. Hypothesis 2: Mothers correctly use the acquired information about skin care of newborns and infants. We were successful in answering both hypotheses in the research study. The analysis and evaluation of the questionnaires shows that mothers are knowledgeable in treating skin of their children in the neonatal period and infancy. However, we managed to prove that some information of the parents is inconsistent with the literature. Therefore an educational material for mothers was created, focusing on skin care of newborns and infants. This educational booklet may be used at pediatric wards.
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Material culture of early modern town house shown on the example of finding a mass form the well of house no. 55 in Český Krumlov
PREUSZ, Michal
This thesis in archeological point of view deals with civilization of burgher house No. 55 in Latrán - Český Krumlov. In the backyard of municipal house a well was revealed in the year 1998, which secured plentiful and varietal collection of early modern ceramic, glass, leader, metal and wooden artefacts. Beside that also animal bones were founded and botanical macro-remnants were detracted. On the basisof komparative research especially with scientific literature and written and inconographic sources the thesis tries to set archaeological findings into historical kontext and upgrade archaeological find classification and also to make dating of set more accurate and there by learn everyday life in burgher house in Český Krumlov from 16th to 18th century.
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Use of modern methods in treatment of chronic wounds
LEPIČOVÁ, Zuzana
Healing and treatment for chronic wounds are big problems and they affect overall states and fate of patients who are immobile after heavy injuries in consequence of some diseases or because of penetrating wounds. Prevention and treatment flowing from profound knowledge of anatomy, skin physiology, pathology and patho-physiology of defects origins and of healing process is currently taking a big step forward in treatment for refractory wounds. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with skin anatomy and physiology, pathology and patho-physiology of origins of defects, healing processes and proper treatments of wounds, especially chronic wounds such as ``diabetic foot syndrome{\crqq}, venous and arterial ulcerations and decubital ulcers. Preventative measures against decubital ulcers are described. Documentation of refractory wounds, 3 phases of healing and continuum of healing are described in detail. Re-bandages, the local wound care, are the most significant factor of treatment. Re-bandages follow standard procedures, which involve make-ready of patients, preparations of wounds for re-bandages, preparations of instruments and make-ready of attending staff. Good re-bandage assistance is crucial. Modern treatment methods include various new types of wound cleanup (from the mechanical one, chemical one and autolysis to the enzymatic one, with the use of larva therapy, for example) as well as the usage of very effective ``moist healing{\crqq} methods. Various contact - not adhesive bandages, foams, alginates, hydro gels, antiseptic bandages, dressings with active Carbon, hydrocolloids, hydro adherent dressings, hydro fibres, bandages with active AG ions, chitosin, dressings with hyaluronic acid, collagen bandages, dressings with iodine, mupirocin, or honey. The practical part is dedicated to qualitative research, in a way of non standardised interview. There were two thesis objectives: To map the usage of modern treatments for refractory wounds and to enlighten general nurses in this field. 15 nurses, who deal with chronic wounds, from various emergency wards and hospital wards took part in the interviews. Information was collected from February 2010 to April 2010 and it was elaborated into 15 casuistries. The result of analysed answers was digested into a table. In the Discussion I analysed the particular answers and set 3 hypotheses for each domain. Domain 1: H1: Modern treatments for healing of wounds are not systematically used at most units. H2: Monolithic systems for usage and indication of modern methods do not exist at most units. H3: Statistics of chronic wounds existence is not kept at many units. Domain 2: H1: Trainings are organised by medical facilities in collaboration with distributing companies but their capacities do not satisfy the interest of applicants. H2: Most nurses declare good knowledge of chronic wound healing phases and of continuum of healing. H3: Neither managers of medical facilities nor health insurance companies have sufficient knowledge regarding the ``cost {--} benefit{\crqq} of chronic wound treatments. The Conclusion summarise the whole thesis. The importance of follow up treatment and rehabilitation for subsequent fate of afflicted patients and their families is underlined in this part.
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The man with psoriasis and subsequent social impact on life of the individual
PEKÁRKOVÁ, Veronika
The subject of my work was psoriasis, chronic non-infectious skin disorder 4-5% of central European inhabitans suffer from. It influences health, psychosocial and economic aspects of patient´s life together with its external effects and its very slow treatment. The aim of my work was to analyse the aftereffects of psoriasis in the life of an individual and to specify the level of patient´s isolation. One of the aims was to make it clear the charakter of the disease perception. The considered hypotheses were about the patient´s problems and the public awareness of this disease.
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