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Diets for food allergies
DOBRUSKÁ, Klára
I have chosen topic Diet with Food Allergy as a topic of my bachelor thesis. This illness is quite common these days. It affect infants mostly but allergy of cow´s milk protein of children under three years disappears itself mostly. There is increasing amount of causes when patient suffers more allergies. Number of people who have the most serious reaction the anaphylactic shock, icreeases. It can end with death. Doctors recommend to patients to strictly follow the elimination diet which is basic treatment of this illness. The most accurate diagnosis of illness (immunological or not) is another important factor for effective treatment. I have chosen three aims for this bachelor thesis. First to find out if patients are informed about their illness. Second to map eating habbits of people with food allergy. Third the evaluation of correctness of daily menus. I used approach of guality research. Research group consisted of six respondents with different food allergy. Those respondents wrote down their weeks menus. Menus were evaluated with program Nutriservis and it was assessed if it follows recommended dietary value. Suitable intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated for every respondent. It was evaluated if respondents follows priciples of rational diet and if their diet contains sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins. Questionnaires were another key point of this research. Questionnaires were about illness know-how of patients and who has instructed them about it. It was found out the patients hasn´t got enough information about their illness and half of them has no idea which essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins could lack in their diet. It resulted from menus simultaneously that five of six respondents do not follow principles of rational diet and eat very monotonously. Only one respondent follows strictly elimination diet others violate diet exceptionally. Respondets would appreciate other research would focus on creation of special centres and training of doctors and nutritional therapist who would be focused on food allergies. Spreading the information about illness not only to patients but to public also is really important. Another important point is to increase amount of books about food allergies at the market.
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Dietary and other allergies in animals
Kubíčková, Jana ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
Allergies are currently problems not only people, alsomostly animals.This bachelor thesis is mainly focusing on a few selected allergies and their symptoms, which are occuring in animals. Firstly, the basic concepts of alergology isdescribed along with anature and emergence of allergies. An allergy can beunderstoodas an immune response of the organism to antigens, which come from an external environment. They couldoriginate from inhalation, contact, insect or drug allergens. There are four known types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on the explanation of allergiesdiagnoses, which arecarried out differently according to the type of presumed allergy. Most frequently used are dermaltests followed by dietonesconsisting of nourishment that is without componentsthat might potentially cause food allergies. Clinical signs and symptoms help us to reveal the type of allergy we are dealing with and what is its exact form. Some of those symptoms might be gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory difficulties or skin manifestations of allergies. Further, there will be stated examples of allergies that give difficulties to animals as well as their treatment options. The primary treatment is the removal of the identified allergen from the environment in which the animal lives.
If the allergen can not be removed from everyday life, a specific allergen therapy might be the a solution.The method is based on the gradual administration of increasing doses of the antigen into the organism. This ensures a sufficient cumulative dose of allergen inthe body, which causes the alleviation of clinical symptoms, or even the complete disappearance of difficulties in the exposure to the allergen.
This desensibilization also referred to as hyposensibilization currently seems to be the best method of treatment, especially for the hypersensitivity reactions.Method of specific allergen therapy shows great results and in the future will certainly be very used. Veterinary doctors and different companies,
however, are working on new research related to treatmentof allergies and so it is very likely that not only the method of allergen therapy, but other methods of suppression of symptoms will be in the future replaced by other, better methods of treatment.
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Possibilities in vaccination of dogs and cats
Čejková, Štěpánka ; Berka, Pavel (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the vaccination problems of domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus). The first part describes the basic information about the immune system to better understand formation of protection against infectious diseases in the form of memory cells, the principle of vaccination. Attention is also paid to the conditions to achieve the desired result of vaccination, including knowledge of the causative agent, the right technology of making vaccine, appropriate vaccination schedule, a suitable method of vaccine application and immunocompetent healthy individual, which will be able to react correctly to application of the vaccine. In veterinary medicine there are most commonly used vaccines with weakened or killed pathogens. Application is carried out mainly in the subcutaneous tissue or muscle, but the latest studies have shown significant benefit of application to the nasal cavity in connection with diseases affecting the respiratory tract. The primary vaccination of dogs and cats begins at their age of 8 to 12 weeks. It is necessary to carry out at least one revaccination at the age of 3 to 4 weeks after the primary vaccination. This revaccination serves as a stimulation of memory cells. In case of negative epidemiological situation two or even three applications can be made. Notwithstanding the fact that the memory cells in the body of an individual persist for a long time, yearly booster vaccination is still recommended for the majority of diseases. In the case of rabies, for some vaccines this revaccination is implemented once every three years. In the Czech Republic only the vaccination of dogs against rabies is required by law. Other diseases can be vaccinated optionally, depending on the disease situation, the use of dogs (hunting dogs, service etc.), and the possibility of travelling with a pet abroad. In connection with the vaccination, the basic information about infectious diseases of vaccinated dogs and cats are listed in this bachelor thesis.
As a part of this thesis a survey to find out awareness of dogs and cats´owners was carried out about the possibiliy of vaccination (and its use). These results are presented in graphs and provided in an appendix at the end of this bachelor thesis.
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Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome in a Border Collie Dogs
Brunclíková, Tereza ; Krejčířová, Romana (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
Border Collie comes from the part of the United Kingdom which is called Border Country. It's a herding dog, which should be obedient, smart, lively, and attentive. For breeding, Border Collies must fulfil bonitation conditions. One of the mandatory tests is the test on hereditary neutropenia. Hereditary neutropenia is a disease which causes a fatal immune system failure.
Immunity; or defences; is one of the basic features for survival. Basic ability of cells of the immune system is to recognize when in contact with other molecules the structure is inherent or not. Memory, which is another ability of the immune system, ensures a prompter, more intensive, and quicker response when meets already identified antigen repetitively.
Neutrophils are granulocytes (a type of white blood cells), which contain granules. These granules have active substances which participate in inflammation and allergic reactions. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow. They are brought by bloodstream to the site of inflammation where they phagocytose bacteria.
Hereditary neutropenia (Trapped Neurophil Syndrome - TNS) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease. Hereditary disease is transferred from parents to offspring. In an autosomal recessive disease a feature is transferred by a recessive allele. A monitored feature is phenotypically shown just with recessive homozygotes. Heterozygotes are with no clinical signs of the disease but they cannot be phenotypically distinguished from dominant homozygotes.
TNS is characterized by a significant lack of neutrophils in blood because they are not brought from the bone marrow into the blood circulation. This is caused by retention at the site of their origin - in the bone marrow.
It is assumed that all cases of TNS are derived from one ancestor because in the pedigrees they have the same ancestor in the past six generations.
Development of an affected dog is generally slowed down. Puppies have smaller size; and for TNS disease is typical a shape of facial skull which resembles a ferret. The individuals suffer from fever and swollen joints. Affected dogs are dying at an early age because of immune system failure.
It was found that hereditary neutropenia is very similar to Cohen syndrome, which is a human disease. Both diseases have similar symptoms; it has been proved that both are caused by mutation of the same gene.
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Applied Artificial Immune Systems
Dolejší, Petr ; Bidlo, Michal (referee) ; Schwarz, Josef (advisor)
This final year thesis introduces the principles and properties of the artificial immune systems to the reader, then abstracts the principles from this knowledge and applies the real artificial immune systems on them. It provides a view at the practical applications that use and extend given ideas.
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The health effects of immunity training of women
CHLAŇOVÁ, Radka
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explain the complexity of immunity system, particularly of the factors, which imact its functionality. In the theoretical part it focuses on introducing and functioning of the immunity system. At first it introduces the system from a biological point of view, explaining how it works, its main cells and primary organs and how it is devided. Furthermore it pursues the important factors which have the main impact on its functionality. These factors are then devided into positively influencing and negatively influencing and in each chapter there are described their specific impacts and the way of how the excess or deficiency influences the human heath. In the practical part of the work it aims on fulfilling these activities in practice, in particular by going through an immunity training which has been introduced by doctor Hermann Geesing. The activities of immunity training are practised during a duration of five months by six women in the middle age and the results of fulfilling these acitivities in regards to the subjective evaluation of their feelings during the time of the designed training plan. These results are shown in tables and graphs during each month by each person and finally evaluated and summarized in the discussion and conclusion based on the evaluation of their psychical and physical feeling at the beginning and in the end, together with describing the activities which have not been easy or difficult to fulfill.
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The theoretical possibilities of strengthening the immune system
NAVRÁTIL, Milan
In this work, I have focused on the importance of the immune system for each person. What the immune system is, and what is its function. The immune system protects the body, ensures the defensiveness of the organism against unwanted influences on it constanly. Keeping your immune system in good condition and promoting its proper function is very important for the health of everyone. Strong and resistant immune system means good health. Be health, allows us to live happier and better life. At work I said enumeration of influences affecting the immune system, strengthen him and weaken. Was used in the literature concerning the problems of the immune system and its possiblestrengthening.
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Alergeny v potravinách
Vlková, Veronika
This thesis focuses on the major allergens in food that are dangerous for allergic individuals. Currently eight major allergenic foods are known but still new allergenic foods are added to the list. The thesis describes characteristic of these allergens including the structure and stability to various factors. Allergenic potential of the additives is mentioned. The thesis also includes information about essential functions of the immune system and its components. It explains the classification of negative reactions to food and their basic mechanisms. One chapter is devoted to food allergy symptoms, which appear after consumption of food containing allergens. It also presents the topic of cross-reaction and the major food allergens detection methods. Due to the importance of food allergens, scientists try to harmonization of detection of these allergens all over the world. In conclusion, the thesis provides information about labeling of food allergens.
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