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Palliative Care Confronted with Euthanasia and Consequent Meaning of Social Work
PROTIVÍNSKÁ, Lucie
The study deals with fundamental issue of palliative care which is defined as active and complete care of the patient with sickness unresponsive to curative care, it shows the possibilities of palliative care and its ways to achieve the most possible quality of patient´s and his family´s life. The ideal is to relieve symptoms such as physical pain, psychical, social and the spiritual one also. The study focuses mainly on the mission and the tasks of medical profession as well as on the social work during the care of uncurable patient and of his family. There are some reflexions about dying and death in the first chapter, and in that context it´s not possible to avoid the problematic of euthanasia which has as many fervent proponents as opponents. The fourth chapter deals with this ethic dilemma. The meaning of social work in palliative care emerged from the confrontation of the euthanasia with the palliative care is treated in the fifth chapter.
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Euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics
BARTKOVÁ, Štěpánka
Abstract Euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics Key words: euthanasia, suffering, death, dying, dignity, human rights, doctor, patient, palliative medicine, hospice care, assisted suicide, religious motivation, followers, objectors of euthanasia In my thesis I am covering the topic of ?qeuthanasia??. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to the problem of euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics. This thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part further consists of eleven chapters. In the first chapter, the types of euthanasia ares discussed (active, passive, prenatal, and assisted suicide). In the second chapter, the history of euthanasia is discussed in a great detail. The third chapter mainly concentrates on euthanasia in the world. The fourth chapter is about the criteria of death. In the fifth chapter, I address the questions of euthanasia and death in recent years. The sixth chapter is about the relationship between a doctor and a patient. The seventh chapter covers palliative medicine and the eighth chapter further expands on this subject with the topic of hospice care. In the ninth chapter, I pursue the point of religious motivational impact. The tenth and eleventh chapters are dedicated to the followers and objectors of euthanasia. The practical part concentrates on exploratory research. I have chosen sociological research using the methods of discussion. Here are three interviews with experts, who interact with dying individuals on a daily basis. These questioned specialists are believers and therefore the discourses are anonymous. The objective of these discussions was to uncover how professional in different facilities view the issues of euthanasia. This objective was sucessfully achieved.
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Competencies of Professional Rescuer in Emergency Medical Service Rescue Squads
ŠUSTA, Jan
The topic of my bachelor degree work is ``Competences of a paramedic in an ambulance crew``. One of the objectives of the work was to discover opinions of doctors and paramedics regarding the competences of a paramedic in an ambulance crew. The other objective was to map out the situation in individual stations of emergency services in South Bohemia. In the theoretical portion of the work I focused on various aspects of the medical emergency services such as their origin, characteristics and activities. Further on I described the job of a paramedic as regards the education, activities and legal responsibilities related to this job. In the practical portion of the work I chose the method of quantitative research. To gather data I used a questionnaire and a knowledge test. The inquired group comprised doctors and paramedics working in ambulance stations of the South-Bohemian medical emergency service. With regards to the objective of the work I determined three hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumed that ``Most paramedics consider their competences insufficient because of their education``. The second hypothesis assumed that ``Most doctors consider paramedics´ competences sufficient. `` The third hypothesis said that ``Most paramedics have sufficient professional knowledge about the scope of their competences``. The research confirmed two of the hypotheses. The one mentioned as second was not confirmed. Even though paramedics´ competences have been very topical among specialist in this field lately, no legislative changes that would extend the current competences have been adopted yet.
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The mutual relations between nurse and doctor in the current public health system
VÍZKOVÁ, Alena
Summary Relations between a nurse and a physician underwent many changes in the past. Nowadays, the relations have trended towards equal position of nurses and physicians in the health care system. It is just the equal position of the both professions in care for the client which is a prerequisite of good team cooperation and a guarantee of good-quality nursing as well as therapeutical care. The aim of our work was to find the prevailing forms of relations between nurses and physicians in the examined set of nurses and to determine whether or not nurses think they are equal partners of the physicians within the team cooperation. The quantitative method of research survey was used for the thesis elaboration. We used a questionnaire survey for the data collection. The research sample consisted of nurses working in the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague. The data were collected from April till June 2008. One hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were used for the results evaluation. We made 7 hypotheses for the research purposes. Hypothesis no. 1: Nurses with a longer than 10-year professional experience evaluate the relations with physicians more positively than nurses with a shorter professional experience. This hypothesis was disconfirmed on the basis of statistical analysis.Questioned nurses evaluated the relations with physicians most often as good {--} 56.5 %. Hypothesis no. 2: Nurses with higher education feel to be perceived as the physician{\crq}s partner in the care for patients more often than nurses with secondary education. This hypothesis was also disconfirmed on the basis of statistical analysis. Out of the questioned nurses, 60.5 % do not feel to be perceived by the physicians as their equal partners. Hypothesis no. 3: Nurses at the intensive care units are charged by the physicians with works that do not fall within their competence more often than nurses at standard departments. This hypothesis was confirmed. On the basis of our research, we have found that the questioned nurses at the intensive care units are charged with some highly specialized works that fall within the physicians{\crq} competence. Hypothesis no. 4: Conflict situations in the relation nurse {--} physician are alleged more often by nurses with professional experience un till 10 years as compared to nurses with longer professional experience. The statistical analysis did not confirm this hypothesis. Existence of conflict situations at the work site was stated by 54.7 % of al questioned nurses. Hypothesis no. 5: Nurses solve the conflict situations with physicians through their superiors. This hypothesis was confirmed. In case of a conflict with a physician, the questioned nurses most often contact the head nurse. Hypothesis no. 6: Nurses{\crq} relations with physicians influence their job satisfaction. This hypothesis was confirmed. Relations with physicians are important for job satisfaction of 96.7 % of the questioned nurses. Hypothesis no. 7: In their relation to nurses, physicians observe the rules of etiquette. This hypothesis was confirmed as well. Our proposal to improve the team cooperation between nurses and physicians is as follows. Time should be devoted to interpersonal relations already during the studies of both physicians and nurses; techniques developing cooperation of nurses and physicians should be integrated in their continuing education; measures to improve cooperation should be implemented on the management level of health care facilities; and other researches relating this topic should be executed.
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Students´ perception of doctors
VOLNÝ, Hynek
Dissertation Abstract {--} Students{\crq} Perception of Doctors My dissertation consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part proceeds from the following theories; personality and nurse personality theory, practical focus of FSHS`s students, social perception, social motivation in terms of nurses {--} doctors - students relationship, the meaning of the medical staff team work, social status of Nursing staff, a nurses{\crq} image, conflicts within working relationships and the importance of communication within the medical staff team. Within the practical part, I conducted a survey. I applied the Semantic Differential Theory by Osgood in the questionnaires distributed; each questionnaire consisted of ten questions; seven closed and three half-open. The survey was conducted among FSHS{\crq}s students in their second and third year of the General Nurse Bachelor studies and those in their first and second year of Nursing postgraduate studies. The 151 questionnaires were distributed both electronically and hard copies. I received 105 questionnaires, from which I excluded seven due to faulty completion. With this I have taken 98 (68 %) of the questionnaires into account. My goal is to discover how doctors are perceived by those FSHS{\crq}s students who have gained some work experience within their studies. There is a positive response of two thirds within questions investigating students{\crq} perceptions of doctors in the sense of their work relationships; hence I can conclude that the hypothesis H1: Students have a good working experience with doctors at the Ceske Budejovice Hospital has been proved. With regards to the questions about students{\crq} perceptions of their status during the work experience, I divide their answers into three groups; 40% of students (40) do not have any specific feelings, 29% of them (28) find their status positive and 31% (31) express an antagonistic opinion. Following the results stated above, the hypothesis H2: Students perceive that they are closely involved in the team work during their work experience can be viewed as unproved. As for my assessment of the semantic differential, hypothesis H3: Students{\crq} perceptions of doctors are biased has been proved. Analysing answers for each study year separately, this shows that students are both positively and negatively biased towards doctors. However, this does not apply to the assessment from the general point of view; it can be said that students are biased positively towards doctors. Hypothesis H4, which investigates if the age of students can influence the frequency of their bias towards doctors, has not been proved. It can be concluded both from the answers analysis, in which is obvious that bias frequency is not descendent but a change in their nature, and from the statistic data analysis by `Chi square test{\crq}, which has not proved any relation between the age and the bias. My dissertation is intended as a useful starting point for further research of a status and perception of students, nurses and doctors. As the author, I would recommend increasing the amount of respondents in the research in order to signify the results concluded.
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Home Violence in the Czech Republic from the View of Law and Profession
HLEDÍKOVÁ, Veronika
Recently we have finally lived to experience of few changes in area of home violence in the Czech Republic. I mean the changes of legislation, but also changes in the spirit of helping professions and other professions , which experince difficulties with the home violence. The way has been long and it is still far from the end. I would say, that the biggest participation on these changes belongs to non-profit-making organizations, which have involved themself in these problems for many years. In my work I went through the way of changes and these, who features them in the profession. In the first part I focused on changes in legislation, next part I turned to professions,which deal with these problems. One part I also focused on non-profit-making organizations and statistical data.
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Function of radiographer at embolization procedure
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Pavlína
As a radiographer can be regarded an educated health worker who is prepared to perform demanding work in medical branches. One of them is radiology and its important subspecialty, interventional radiology, where they perform a very responsible work. They communicate with patients, cooperate with medical personnel and operate a complex angiographic apparatus. Therefore it is essential for them to have finished a profes-sional training and to possess the required qualities. A person becomes a radiographer after they have completed a specialised educational programme, which can nowadays be studied at a college and it is completed by achieving a title Bc. (written before the na-me). During the studies they acquire proficiency and competence in the field of radiology which is needed for the experience in the interventional radiology working place. During both theoretical and practical education skills in the field of technical equipment (angiography equipment) and required IT technologies (HIS, PACS) are mastered, as well as the anatomic orientation in examinated area. They learn the latest procedure in the embolization techniques from the medical personnel, orientate themselves in the instrumentarium. Moreover, they are accustomed to the contrasting materials and their undesirable reactions to them. If needed, they are fully able to give the first aid.In addi-tion to that, a non-medical personell who participate in carrying out the embolizations should possess following qualities: communication skills - proficient cooperation with the medical personnel and the patients, empathy - patient awareness, ability to handle stressful situations. Working with an ill person demands a psochologically accurate individual approach and strict following of the medical ethic principles. Embolization is a way of occluding (closing) one or more blood vessels that are doing more harm than good. Various materials may be used, depending on whether vessel occlusion is to be temporary or permanent, or whether large or small vessels are being treated. The material is passed through a catheter with its tip lying in or near the vessel to be closed. This approach can be used to control or prevent abnormal bleeding as well as shut down the vessels that support a growing tumor. Therapeutic embolization may also serve to eliminate an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. The term "embolization" derives from embolus, which can be any object that circulates in the bloodstream until it lodges in a blood vesel - in this case, a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessels.
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Influence of pharmaceutical companies on physician decision making on providing health care
KOCUMOVÁ, Zdeňka
The thesis deals with a current issue of the relationship between pharmaceutical manufacturers and physicians. Its objective it to find out the influence pharmaceutical companies exercise on a physician decision making on providing health care, what influences physicians´ medication selection and whether there are differences in individual physicians´ specializations. Based on the findings of the research the thesis aims at creating suggestions of changes in legislation concerning the relationship between a physician and a pharmaceutical company and the establishment of new rules. The introductory theoretical part describes the role of a physician and pharmaceutical companies in the current health care system. In the practical part the method of qualitative research, characteristics of the research database and results of standardized interviews using direct quotations are presented. Discussion is focused on comparing the research results with the views of media articles and the own opinion of the thesis writer. In the conclusive part of the thesis existing rules are described and the writer recommends some measures which may lead to changes in public attitudes. Another issue, which goes beyond this thesis and could become a topic for further research, is also outlined. Based on the collected data, in the closing part of the work a hypothesis for a potential quantitative research is stated. The contribution of the thesis is based on the possibility of clarifying complicated relations between physicians and pharmaceutical manufacturers both for professional and general public.
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The Labor Market of Graduates in Regulated Sectors
Šohajová, Renata ; Pardupa, Martin (advisor) ; Bůvová, Ludmila (referee)
Ve své práci se zabývám trhem práce absolventů vysokých škol v regulovaných odvětvích, podrobněji trhem práce absolventů lékařských fakult. Tento trh práce je specifický v tom, že se jedná o trh vysokoškolsky vzdělaných pracovníků, což mu předurčuje určité charakteristiky, a v tom, že jsou zde velké bariéry pro vstup na trh práce. Tyto bariéry jsou dány regulacemi ze strany státu a existencí profesních komor a v konečném důsledku se ukazují jako neefektivní. Ve své práci popisuji jak specifika trhu plynoucí z vysokoškolského vzdělání pracovníků, tak účinky regulací na daný trh práce. V závěru práce diskutuji účinky regulací odvětví na trh práce absolventů lékařských fakult.
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