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The patronage of the Schwarzenberg family in the 18th century on the example of the parish of Němčice
HOSPASKOVÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis deals with patronage of the Schwarzenberg family in the 18th century over the parish of Němčice, which fell into the Netolice Manor, and tries to describe the patronage administration of the Schwarzenbergs in general. For basic explanation of its topic the thesis is prefaced by chapters about the patronage in general and the history of Němčice and of the local parish. Basic spheres of the patronage of the Schwarzenberg family over parishes in their manors (on the example of the parish of Němčice) are presented after that. This thesis studies the rights of patronage primarily with respect to the administration. It also deals with the symbolic manifest of the patron's authority and focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the most important types of documents of the patronage administration and communication of the patronage offices. Next chapters deal with founding of the parish of Němčice as an example of parish foundation and with its incomes. They also analyze granting of presentations, installations of the parish priests, involvement of the patronage officers in canonical visitations and with the pendency of the estates of the deceased parish priests. The addendum supplements the text of this thesis by an edition of the founding charter of the parish of Němčice, by a table of local parish priests and by reproductions of some sources.
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Droughts in the Czech Lands during 18th century
Brázdil, Rudolf ; Řezníčková, Ladislava ; Kotyza, O. ; Valášek, H. ; Dobrovolný, Petr
Th is paper addresses dry episodes and droughts in the Czech Lands during the 18th century. It is based on various types of documentary evidence, including data describing phenomena related to drought patterns, from the occurrence of precipitation (or lack of it) to derived impacts (bad yields, water shortages, drying watercourses, etc.). Th e documentary data include various degrees of detail, but their interpretation allows work at the level of monthly resolution. Dry conditions for at least two consecutive months in a given year were considered as drought for our purposes. A total of 49 years with droughts were derived from documentary data, with the prevailing occurrence of dry months in the summer half-year (April–September: 66.0%) associated with the most severe impacts. Th is shows that probably all the droughts with two-year re-occurrence intervals were identifi ed from the documentary data available. As examples of impacts and their territorial extent, some years with severe droughts in the eastern part of the Czech Lands, Moravia, are described (1718, 1719, 1726, 1746, and 1790). Th e results obtained are an important contribution to the more broadly-oriented study of droughts in the Czech Lands during the past 500 years based on documentary and instrumental data.
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"And because the previous retired peasant is still alive ... ." The issue of rent-charge on the Třeboň domain in the 18th century
PECKOVÁ, Štěpánka
The presented thesis originated thanks to the support of the project of Grantová agentura Jihočeské univerzity Nr. 130/2010/H (The society of Czech regions in 17th up to 20th century. The area of economical, social, cultural and religious structure of Czech regions and their transformations during the 17th-20th century). The presented thesis is dealing with, on the example of Třeboň domain, the period transformation of the institute of the rent-charge and the position of retired peasants during the 18th century on the Třeboň domain, specifically in years 1725-1735 and 1775-1785. For the research there were used two from four books of rent-charge?s contracts deposited in the Státní oblastní archiv (public regional archive) in Třeboň. There was chosen the micro historical method of the research as the basic methodological starting point for the analysis of particular cases. Also the exercise of certain lifelong strategies in the family environment in the country has become the subject of the explorational interest. The goal of this thesis was to ascertain, which circumstances influenced the origin of the rent-charge and why it was required. The analysis of chosen lifelong advancements of individual groups leaving for the retirement revealed, that in the person?s behavior in the rent-charge were reflected rooted models of behavior and action, but there was also possible to grasp even the individual strategies. It was possible to draw this conclusion even in the case of the investigation of the content aspect of the rent-charge. The research points out the difference of opportunities, which presented themselves to retired peasants and sustains, that the rent-charge did not mean the end of life, but its partial stage.
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Inovations in the time of privileges: Höchenberger's invention of the field printery
Wögerbauer, Michael
The text analyses the attempts of the Prague book printer Jan Tomas Höchenberger to obtain the privileged position of a military book printer in the 1770s, hence at the time when it was difficult for new companies to win recognition against the obsolete system of privileges. After the first, unsuccessful attempt in 1779-1780, he applied for the privilege again with a 'filed printing press on a cart', which was labelled by both the author and the historian Josef Dobrovský as Höchenberger's 'own invention'. The attempt to obtain the privilege is analysed on the background of the stiffness of the existing system of privileges and on the basis of the thesis of the French book historian Frederic Barbier that at the end of the 18th century there was 'the second book revolution', which however unlike the first (Gutenberg's invention) and third (digitisation) was not characterised by technical progress but by the spreading and democratisation of printed communication. On this background, Höchenberger's attempt is all the more remarkable in that field printing presses fulfil the need of administering the new 'people's' armies and communicating with the growing number of the soldiers that do not fight as mercenaries for money but for their 'country' and 'nation'.
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