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Influence of compost application on properties of soil humic substances
Enev, Vojtěch ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to study to the influence of compost addition to soil humic substances extracted from blackland luvicsol. Humic substances extracted from soil and from compost were characterized by titration with potentiometrical and conductival indication, UV-VIS, FT-IR and 3D EEM fluorescential spectroscopy. Compost in amount of 124, 239 and 478 t/ha was applicated and manured into dept of 150 mm at blackland luvicsol. The main aim of thesis was the appraisal of compost influence into fluorescent attributes of soil HS and localization of fluorescent peaks at excitation emission spectrums. Next part of diploma thesis was focused on the study of spectroscopic attributes of soil HS and compost by UV-VIS and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation. Humic substances were characterized by humifical index E4/E6 and transmissional vibratile spectrums. The last aim of diploma thesis were the characterization of soil HS extracts and compost by acidimetral titration. For each sample was calculated value of H+ ionts amount of substance from measured titrational curves.
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The study of enzyme activities in compost
Pernicová, Iva ; doc.Mgr.Pavlína Pelcová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Voběrková, Stanislava (advisor)
This thesis deals with the determination of enzyme activities in compost for consideration their changes during the composting. The changes in the activity of particular enzymes serve as the indicators of the activity of microorganisms, which are found in the compost. In the practical part of the work the changes in activity of proteases, cellulases, lipases, dehydrogenases and ureases within 21 days of composting under laboratory conditions were determined. The change in pH was observed as well. The changes in the pH-values and all enzyme activities except ureases present in the first week the same trend associated with the use of available substrates. The changes in the activities of the key enzymes in compost under laboratory conditions were compared with the changes in activities in compost under real conditions, which is the indicator of the different composting process under the given circumstances.
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Composting of sewage sludge of small producers
Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava ; Hynánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with the composting of sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass wasted from treatment wetlands. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of technical information from authors who deal with the topic of sewage sludge and composting. The introductory part provides basic information about the issue compost and composting. The theoretical part of this thesis is followed by the practical part. The practical part is divided into two research projects. The first one is focuses on methodology of building compost from waste materials such as sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass. The second one deals with the testing and usability soil moisture sensors mostly used to monitoring of the compost humidity. The research work is focused on soil moisture sensors calibration. The measurement results will be statistically analyzed and used for further work with soil sensors of compost. Results of the work can serve materials for operators and owners of treatment wetlands. This solution would lead to a significant reduction of operating costs when is considered sludge management.
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Composting in the Czech Republic
Glombová, Pavla ; Horák, Marek (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of bachelor thesis is a description of the issue related to biological disposing of degradable waste by composting. It is concerned by the most important valid laws in this field, by technologies of composting and by the facilities used to dispose these waste – by composting facilities. In the practical part there is a compiled database of composting facilities in the Czech Republic, sorted by the regions. Their basic data are included (operator, address, website, contact information, capacity, used technology, amount of compost production, its price and utilization, accepted waste, used machinery and equipment, the year of commissioning, intensification).
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Compost accelerator to composters and garden composts
HÁJEK, František
The purpose of this paper is to research and suggest good-quality compost accelerators that could be effectively used in the garden composts. The additive eliminates the shortage of the input pulverized grass matter which is being composted. This thesis also describes the features of the compost, the nature of the correct composting procedures, and the legal implications to the production of the composting process. This paper elaborates the efficiency of the compost accelerators that are available within the home market and abroad. An important component of my accelerator is magnesium from the Dolomites limestone distributed by the "HASIT" company which positively affects the process of humification. The experiment of compostation with this type of accelerator took place on the pulverized grass matter. In order to objectively assess the quality of the composts, the Sanhoff´s method of stating the cation exchange capacity was used. During this experiment, the cation exchange capacity increased by 22% in the sample where the accelerator has been used, as compared to the sample where only the composted grass matter was present. Based on the results gathered, it is feasible to conclude that the suggested accelerator does have a significant impact on the composting of the grass matter. Due to this fact, it is strongly recommended to conduct a further research on the composition of the compost accelerators.
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Production and quality of compost from the perspective of agrochemist and of processor of organic waste
BROUČKOVÁ, Vlasta
In the thesis explains the conceptual difference between primary and compost organic matter, compost and defined its organic matter and compost understanding the distinction in terms of farmers and processors in terms of organic waste. Then the development of composting and research results in recent years. The result of work revealed that the quality compost with plenty of humus substances and high ion exchange capacity can be produced while respecting the principles of real composting, but with a long fermentation time.
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The Technology of Ag-bag Composting and Vermicomposting.
MEJZLÍK, Petr
The bachelor thesis is focused on technology of ag-bag composting and on vermicomposting (the produce of biohumus by earthworms). The thesis in its content uses existing accessible knowledge of biowaste composting. In the opening the processed waste, progress and time demands of technologic composting process are specified. Further, the quality and use of resulting product are described. In the next part the proper technology for both composting methods is chosen. The comparison of economic demands of initial costs for both assessed composting technologies is embodied.
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Comparison for small mechanization used in composting
TŮMA, Jan
The aim is to create a comprehensive overview of mechanization used for composting and select appropriate criteria based on analysis for comparing different types of machines. By course of each operation of composting process were selected suitable means of mechanization for composting line. Thereinafter thesis defines the mechanization by load. In the thesis is realised research availability of small mechanization on the present market and based on analysis of the data was proposed criteria for comparing different types of machines. Final part of thesis includes simple example of project compilation of composting line for small compost-processing plant. The results of this thesis can assist during selection of small mechanization for small compost-processing plants, for example for municipal needs or primary sector (agriculture and forestry).
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Evaluation of economic efficiency of the operation processing of biodegradable waste.
ŠIMSOVÁ, Štěpánka
Bachelor?s thesis dealt with the issue of composting of biodegradable waste. The aim was to evaluate the economy of Pacovská kompostárna operation (composting plant in Pacov) in comparison with similar plants. In general the whole composting process was monitored including the conditions for successful composting. Assessment of the permitting process and the composting operation was set in contemporary European and Czech legislative framework. The treatment of biodegradable waste in the system of these wastes management in Pacov was monitored especially with regard to economic data. Composting process and the following use of compost were evaluated in terms of current trends in the issue of composting, the compost modification and methods of use.
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Possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní
JAREŠOVÁ, Martina
Bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní. Literature research consists of an overview of the soil, its pollution, the processes that are associated with paper production and recovery operations, which in this action arise. The practical part is focused on monitoring the influence of toxicity of the caustification sludge on germination of white mustard, determining the maximum sorption capacity Conductivity by Sandhof, the determination of exchange pH, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate in sludge of caustification.
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