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Design of Security Camera
Řihánek, Šimon ; Řezníček, Svatopluk (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor’s thesis is to design a security camera, respecting the functional, structural, technological and aesthetic requirements. The aim is to create a design that would be elegant, universally applicable, would not appear too distracting, while still serving a preventive function.
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Analysis of Privacy on Social Networks
Tomandl, Luboš ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čermák, Radim (referee)
This thesis deals with a question of privacy in a context of social networks. The main substance of these services is the users' option to share an information about their lives. This alone can be a problem for privacy. In the first part of this thesis concentrates on the meaning of privacy as well as its value for both individuals and the society. In the next part the privacy threats on social networks, namely Facebook, are discussed. These threats are disclosed on four levels according to four recognized actors active on Facebook. Those actors are users, Facebook company, other corporations and government organizations. From all of these groups threats for user's privacy can come. This thesis not only tries to find these threats, but is wants to offer some solutions of this situation as well.
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West Nile fever - a global change in epidemiology and surveillance in the Czech Republic
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Renata
The main goal of thesis is to explore the changing global epidemiological situation depending on climate changes and to map trends of changes in epidemiological situation. A sub-objective is to find out if there are differences in the geographical distribution of the incidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the period 2004-2014 next to map surveillance, to propose options for improving prevention in a changing geographical distribution, to describe cases of the diseases reported in the Czech Republic, to determine whether in the Pilsen and Budweis medical facilities are routinely investigating also on detection of WNV infection and finally to chart the WNV infection rate and its causes in horse breeding. Influence of climate change on distribution of WNV can be very well observed. This change is mainly due to settlement of new countries by the originator and also reservoirs which are moving further to the north or south becouse of climate. Distribution of WNV to the new countries is also supported by the changing of landscape, mainly due to the changing climate. The changes of migration routes of migratory birds which are also affected by climate changes have also the effect on changing geographic distribution. The globalization of the world is also mostly responsible for change of distribution. The change of epidemiological situation is given by that the virus attacks organisms that did not meet with virus until now. Therefore, there is a change in the clinical picture and more serious forms of the disease appear in the greater degree than before. Official statistics numbers of diseases in the EU in 2008-2012 published by the ECDC revealed that number of illnesses depends on the global climate changes and also on the climate in a current year. Data for year 2010 clearly reveal how big influence extreme temperatures have on the number of reported illnesses. With regard to prevention in the Czech Republic, as a main step was to designed the informing of tourists. The substantial part of the repressive measures against WNV disease is to stop transmission of WNV blood transfusions. This deals with in annex 3of Decree no. 143/2008 Coll.. Currently the draft of methodological instruction which sets out the procedure for assessing the risk of WNV infection and the procedure to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus through blood transfusions is in the comment procedure. By the survey of health facilities was found out that it is according the legislation, specifically Decree 233/2011 Coll.. Private microbiology and serology laboratories in Pilsen and Budweis do not test on positivity of WNV. Targeted surveillance of horse WNV in Czech Republic is doing from 2011. In 2011 2013 it was 4 5 WNV positive horses, in 2014 it was already 13 horses from a total of 783 horses tested positive WNV. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers according to veterinarians indicate increasing activity of the virus in the Czech Republic and the possible expansion of WNV into new areas. The thesis also analyzes three cases of WNV disease that have been imported to the Czech Republic from the USA, Tanzania and from Cyprus. In thesis is also described the first autochthonous case of WNV infection in the Czech Republic in 2013 which demonstrates the changing epidemiological situation in the country. Based on the obtained data is appreciable that the virus will be with regard to a changing climate and increased globalization spread to new areas in which will be probably cause diseases with serious clinical course. Whereas the virus has a tends to mutation it is expected also a gradual change of the clinical picture. To stop the spread of the virus should be carried out surveillance at all levels. Insomuch as is not in current time human vaccine available to curb the spread of the The essential elements od prevention includes informing tourists traveling to high-risk countries and countries potentially risky.
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Multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with hospital care in the hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Inc.
KRČMÁROVÁ, Zuzana
A nosocomial infection is the notion historically associated with Infectious Medicine, microbiology, epidemiology and hygiene. Nosocomial infections or infections associated with medical care as they are called currently, are infections contracted by patients while under medical care. An etiological agent of these diseases are bacteria with high resistance that are able to survive in unfavorable conditions of an hospital environment and which are resistant against antibiotics and sanitation.The occurrence of infections and multi-resistant bacteria has been growing all over the world. These organisms are endemic in many hospitals in spite of all sanitation measures and antibiotic therapy. The rising occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria represents a serious threat to public health and prolongs the pacient´s hospitalization causing thus rising costs, higher morbidity and mortality.The main information source about the measure of resistance is the antibiotics resistance surveillance. Its goal is the description and the identification of current problems and influencing complex measures as well as improvement of general awareness about antibiotics resistance. The precondition for the successful infections therapy is the development of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents and frequency of occurrence of pathogenic bacteria.The most common cause of infections associated with medical care is staphylococcus, enterobacteria and pseudomonad, however, all known microorganism can cause infection.My bachelor´s thesis evaluates the occurrence of the most widespread multi-resistant bacteria in the Jindřichův Hradec Hospital a.s. in the last 11 years. In my thesis I compare data about chosen invasive bacteria from our hospital with other Czech and European data (EARS-Net) and I try to evaluate trends in occurrence of these bacteria.The trend of rising numbers of resistant bacteria and its fast spread in the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec in the last two years has probably been caused by unsatisfactory location of some wards, especially those in the old building of the Department of Internal Medicine (it´s being refurbished at the moment). The other cause could be, in spite of efforts undertaken by the Epidemiology and Hygiene Section which is the part of the Department of Microbiology, the negligence of anti-epidemic measures especially hands washing. An important role is sometimes played by the imprudent giving of antibiotic to patients.Our experience with the multi-resistant bacteria and the results of this thesis are identical with other studies from the Czech Republic and from abroad stressing the fact that the occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria in Europe and in the world has been rising.Resistance in the Jindřichův Hradec Hospital a.s., despite all efforts of staff and especially efforts of prevention and infection control team, is increasing and shows tendency similar to that of the Czech Republic generally and other countries of EU.
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Surveillance of infectious diseases from the viewpoint of international cooperation in accordance to EU regulations
NYAMBE, Anayawa
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Due to these times of increased globalization, Europe must react quickly to the threat of infectious diseases by introducing effective control mechanisms and prevention programs to limit their spread. From the perspective of international cooperation, the Czech Republic is bound to ensure the reporting of infectious diseases from the national level to the EU Community and the World Health Organization. The following work is dedicated to the study of infectious disease surveillance. This study looks at the initial origins of infectious disease surveillance, to the development of surveillance in the Czech Republic and the recent advances in infectious disease surveillance in the European Union. The research also takes a brief look at the general principles of surveillance and the global situation, all as a means to give a comprehensive study of disease surveillance as a way to control the spread of infectious diseases. Finally, this thesis outlines the changes that have occurred in infectious disease surveillance in Czech Republic and the European Union during this last decade.
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Preparation of the pandemic plan - the course of the influenza pandemy caused by the Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus in the Pilsen region.
VELKOBORSKÁ, Marcela
An influenza is an illness annually affecting 5-15 percent of the world population. During the influenza pandemy 40-50 percent of world population can be affected and millions of people can die.The measures resulting from the pandemic plans help to limit the influenza virus spreading, to reduce morbidity and mortality. In April 2009 the first cases of the flue pandemic caused by Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus occurred on the American continent, in the Czech Republic there was the first case registered in May, in the Pilsen region in July. Based on these facts I decided to assess the pandemic plans at the level of the Pilsen region and to analyse the course of the pandemy in the Pilsen region too. Having studied the Pandemic plan of the Pilsen region and the Pandemic plan of the Regional Hygiene Station of the Pilsen Region I got to the conclusion that in case of the pandemy caused by the highly virulent tribe of the influenza it would not be possible to use up the pandemic plans efficiently. The disadvantages concern mainly the way of the distribution of the pandemic vaccine and antivirotics. The other disadvantage is the absence of a parenteral form of antivirotics. A bad awarness of the inhabitants also came out effecting mass rejection of vaccination by the pandemic vaccine and preventative taking antivirotics. The analyse of the course of the pandemy in the Pilsen region proved that at many patients with the flue pandemic there was present a risky factor of more serious course of the influenza in the anamnesis. If these patients had been vaccinated by the pandemic vaccine they had been entitled for, they could have been protected against this illness, for some of them the vaccination might have meant life-saving. It was also proved that originally the pandemic tribe of Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus became the causer of the common seasonal influenza in the season of 2010-2011.
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Vaccination against pertussi - changing reasons of public notice about vaccination against infectious disease
KOUBOVÁ, Jana
The thesis is focused on monitoring the incidence of pertussis (or whooping cough) in the South Bohemian Region (SBR) in the years from 2000 to 2009. The main target group was population of children. The thesis has two basic parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part describes not only history of the disease and its incidence but it is also focused on the basic epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, vaccinations and the health and social impact on society as a whole. In the theoretical part, information was drawn from available literature and valid legal regulations. The main objective of the thesis was to survey and analyze the incidence of pertussis in the SBR in individual age groups in the years 2000 ? 2009. To compare the incidence of pertussis in the SBR to the situation in the Czech Republic, i.e. morbidity per 100 000 people in the SBR with morbidity per 100 000 people in the Czech Republic, to assess the impact of the Decree No. 65/2009 Coll. amending the Decree of the Ministry of Health No. 537 / 2006 Coll., on vaccination against infectious diseases. In order to meet the objectives, three hypotheses were stated for the confirmation of which qualitative research was selected ? the technique of secondary analysis of data from the Epidat system included in the report of the Regional Hygiene Station of the SBR in České Budějovice. The first hypothesis assumed that in vaccinated children pretussis most often occurs in age group 10 ? 14 years of age. This hypothesis was confirmed. Likewise, the second hypothesis, assuming that the newly introduced flat vaccination of children aged 10 ? 11 years reduces the incidence of the disease, was verified. The third hypothesis, assuming that the infection causative agent will still circulate in the population and the most affected group is a cohort of young adults, was also verified.
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Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of influenza type A in the region Jindřichův Hradec with a comparison of the Jihočeský kraj (South region) for 2009 and 2010
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
The bulk of the thesis is focused on influenza A. The current theoretical knowledge in virological, epidemiological and clinical fields is summarized. Acute respiratory infections, including the influenza virus disorders, may be also caused by other agents. The most frequent agents which may be easily confused with influenza are also mentioned in the thesis in order to see the visible difference between these infections, which are often incorrectly referred to as influenza. The research part of the thesis deals with the epidemiological analysis of influenza incidence and its comparison in the district and regional levels. I have tried to evaluate the epidemiological situation within a two-year period. To compare the incidence of influenza A, I chose the Jindřichův Hradec region and compared the incidence in this region with that in the South Bohemian region. Both areas may be compared in terms of the diseases incidence, since all the data reported to the Regional Hygienic Station are standardized and calculated to the relative number of 100 000 inhabitants. I got the resources for the research at the Epidemiological department of the Regional Hygienic Station based in České Budějovice, where I used the EPIDAT program that is intended to ensure mandatory reporting, recording and analysis of infectious diseases in the Czech Republic, and looked up the necessary data for the 2009 and 2010 seasons. The data reported by general practitioners are divided into calendar weeks and age groups according to newly emerged diseases. However, individual types of influenza viruses are not mentioned, because not every acute respiratory disease is virologically verified in the laboratory or subsequent tests in the National Reference Laboratory are not carried out. Therefore, available data do not provide the exact incidence rates of influenza in a given period and place. Another important information resource was data on the tests frequency and the results of biological material laboratory tests which were conducted in the tracking period in the National Reference Laboratory for influenza. By analyzing available data it was possible to come to conclusion that in the tracking period influenza and influenza-like illness incidence rates did not reach the emergency epidemiological situation, even though in the region the epidemic threshold was crossed, it was only a short term condition.
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PROBLEMS OF PANDEMIC OF INFLUENZA CAUSED BY A NEW VARIETY OF VIRUS AND APPROACHES TO ITS SOLVING WITHIN CZECH REPUBLIC
TEJČKA, Luděk
I have chosen the subject of this work because I am very interested in the flu issue. One of the reasons also was a huge interest in pandemic flu which makes me think a lot and raises loads of questions. The theoretical part deals especially with the flu issue and categorization of its various sorts: seasonal flu, bird flu and pandemic flu. The theoretical part also includes basic facts about the preparedness of the Czech Republic for a pandemic flu. It mentions the most important laws and legal rules that determine procedures of the government authorities and other institutions of the Czech Republic in the pandemic flu prevention.
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Nosocomial Infections in an In-Patient Department
Kopecký, Jindřich Bc. ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Nozokomiální infekce jsou v současné době významnou příčinou vzrůstající morbidity a mortality ve všech zdravotnických zařízení. Neznalost či ignorance metod prevence nozokomiálních nákaz může vést k závažnému ohrožení zdraví a života pacienta a výraznému zvýšení nákladů na léčbu. Práce komplexně představuje problematiku nozokomiálních nákaz a jejich efektů na lůžkové zdravotnické zařízení. Pozornost je věnována charakteristice procesu šíření nákaz, popsání současného stavu ve sledování a prevenci nákaz a konečně popsání situace v jedné nemocnici okresního typu.
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