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Evolution and expression of the Odorant Binding Proteins in selected species of mice
Vinkler, David ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Trachtulec, Zdeněk (referee)
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins expressed at high levels in the proximity of olfactory receptors. OBPs act as solubilizers and carriers of the lipophilic odorants in the aqueous mucus of mammals and other vertebrates. OBPs have now been studied nearly thirty years, but in comparison to the wealth of data available on their structural chemistry and molecular biology, our knowledge about gene expression and function of these proteins is still insufficient. This work provides new insights into the tissue specificity of OBP and presents several new sequences of genes governing these proteins in selected species of mice.
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Proliferace a dynamika tkání během vývoje zubů a jim pribuzných patrových lišt
Rothová, Michaela ; Peterková, Renata (advisor) ; Matalová, Eva (referee) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
My PhD thesis has addressed specific questions regarding cell proliferation and tissue dynamics in three key areas of craniofacial development: during suppression and revitalization of tooth buds that develop in the mouse embryonic dentition as rudiments of lost premolars; during dental papilla and follicle formation of the first mouse molar; and during origin of palatal rugae on the mouse hard palate. By evaluation of cell proliferation, we recorded a change in the proliferation pattern along the cheek region of the mandible between less and more advanced embryos at embryonic day 13.5. Thus during the time period, when the development of the large mouse rudimental premolar primordium (R2) is stopped, we showed that the arrest of the rudiment R2 is caused by exhibiting low rate of cell proliferation and high rate of apoptosis. When Sprouty gene signalling is disrupted, the premolar primordium shows rates of proliferation and apoptosis similar to the growing first molar. The R2 subsequently revitalizes and develops into a supernumerary tooth in front of the first molar. Furthermore, we discovered that the dental mesenchyme is very dynamic tissue during bud and cap stages of tooth development and that the dental papilla of the first molar originates only from a restricted region of the dental...
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Energetický metabolismus inbredních myších linií a jeho ovlivnění dietou
Kůs, Vladimír ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Mráček, Tomáš (referee)
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders, called as "metabolic syndrome", currently represent a major social and economical problem of public health. From the energy balance point of view, long-lasting energy surplus leads eventually to massive accumulation of energy stores resulting in various adverse effects on metabolism and health. General goal of the thesis was to examine these metabolic disorders at cellular and whole-body level using suitable mouse models. The main focus was on the most metabolically active tissue, namely skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue and on the regulatory roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and leptin in the energy metabolism. The whole thesis is based on four published studies. Two studies were focused on skeletal muscle. In the first study, we proved the involvement of leptin and AMPK in the metabolic response to high-fat diet-feeding. We described a mechanism of muscle non- shivering thermogenesis based on enhanced lipid catabolism, which contributes to the genetically-determined resistance of inbred A/J mice to obesity. Such mechanism was not operating in obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice. In the second study, performed using C57BL/6 mice, we have described beneficial effect of combination treatment using n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of...
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Genome reprogramming during the first cell cycle of embryonic development
Barnetová, Irena ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Strejček, František (referee)
The sperm head contains highly compacted genome. This compaction is mediated by protamines. Sperm protamines are replaced by cytoplasmic histones after the sperm entry into the oocyte. Beside the proteins replacement, also some epigenetic remodeling occurs. One of the most studied epigenetic remodeling in early zygotes is DNA demethylation. This phenomenon was observed in some mammals (mouse, rat, monkey) but not in some other mammals (sheep) and what is more, in some of them quite inconsistent data were published (pig, human, goat, rabbit). In our work we were mostly concentrated on porcine zygotes and attempted to explain the reasons of inconsistency in observed data. Three factors were evaluated in our work - the technique of embryo production, sperm factors, and the oocyte quality. In the first part of the study (the technique of embryo production) we compared the zygotes produced by conventional in vitro fertilization and zygotes produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The epigenetic remodeling was evaluated by immunolabeling. There were no differences between zygotes produced by the two mentioned techniques. The paternal genome was not demethylated in any of zygotes. The labeling with anti-H3/K9- me2 (anti dimethyl group on lysine 9 of histone 3) showed the positive labeling of both...
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Early tooth development of Tabby mice
Smrčková, Lucie ; Peterková, Renata (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
The developing mouse dentition is a very useful tool to study molecular regulation of odontogenesis and also organogenesis. The embryonic mouse dentition comprises developing functional tooth primordia as well as rudimentary tooth primordia. These rudiments arrest their growth during development and either degenerate or become a part of a functional tooth. Mice with gene defects also allow elucidation of a function of genes, their products and signalling pathways. The protein ectodysplasin is essential for development of ectodermal derivatives - skin, hair, glands and teeth. The Tabby mice have a mutation in the Eda gene, which encodes the protein ectodysplasin, and they display a number of dentition anomalies. Early development of the lower jaw dentition in Tabby embryos has been already morphologically described. As a prerequisite for understanding regulatory mechanisms of odontogenesis in Tabby mice, it is also necessary to map the spatiotemporal dynamics of signalling centres that express Shh in both the rudimentary and functional tooth primordia. The aim of this thesis was to compare the signalling centres based on the Shh expression and its spatiotemporal dynamics in the lower jaw of Tabby and WT mouse embryos. Then the Shh data were correlated with known morphological data to clarify the...
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Cadaveric bone marrow transplantation: effects of hypoxia and metabolic starvation on mouse hematopoietic stem cells
Linhartová, Jana ; Šefc, Luděk (advisor) ; Průcha, Miroslav (referee) ; Šinkorová, Zuzana (referee)
Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a widely used method for treatment of hematological disorders and some other diseases. However, sometimes a suitable donor of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is not found for a patient. Because HSC have been described as cells with low proliferative and metabolic activity, their tolerance to the lack of oxygen or metabolic substrates may be assumed. In this study, we explored cadaveric bone marrow as an alternative source of HSC for HSCT, using a mouse experimental model. In addition, the effect of in vitro metabolic inhibition and short-term in vitro storage (1 - 4 days) on functional properties of mouse HSC was investigated. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice (wild-type or p53-/- ) were used in the experiments. To explore cadaveric HSC, bone marrow (BM) was left in intact femurs at 37řC, 20řC and 4řC under the conditions of ischemia. The bone marrow cells were harvested after defined time periods ranging 0 - 48 hours. For metabolic inhibition, the electron transport chain inhibitor potassium cyanide (KCN) and inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were used in vitro. To determine the impact of ischemia, metabolic inhibition, or in vitro storage on transplantability of HSC, the competitive repopulation assay using Ly5.1/Ly5.2 congenic model...
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Morphological variability of the incisor in mutant mice
Lochovská, Kateřina ; Churavá, Svatava (referee) ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor)
Myš je nejfrekventovaněji používaným experimentálním modelovým organismem pro studium vývoje zubů. Myší funkční dentice obsahuje jeden řezák oddělený od tří molárů dlouhou bezzubou diastemou v každém čelistním kvadrantu. Cílem této práce bylo shrnout poznatky o myší dentici a jejím vývoji se zaměřením na myší řezáky a jejich patologie. Myší řezák je díky svým vlastnostem jedinečným zubem. Charakteristickou vlastností hlodavců jsou právě kontinuálně rostoucí řezáky. Tyto řezáky jsou pokryté sklovinou pouze na labiální straně. Lingvální povrch je tvořen pouze dentinem. Toto je spojeno s asymetrickou abrazí. Nicméně je také častým cílem mutací, ať už v podobě delece nebo jiné modifikace genů. Tyto mutace dentálních signálních drah jsou studovány na mutantních myších jako jsou například Tabby myši, Sprouty nebo Small eye (Sey) mutantní myši a mnoho dalších. Některé mutace jsou homologní k lidským onemocněním. Například X-vázaný tabby (Ta) syndrom u myší je považován za homolog hypohidrotické ektodermální dysplásie (HED) u lidí. Tato mutace napadá velikost řezáku, jeho tvar a pozici stejně jako cytodiferenciaci. Dále se může objevit hypodoncie, anodoncie nebo nějaké morfologické změny napadající ostatní existující zuby. Abnormality v počtu, velikosti a tvaru zubu byly dobře zdokumentovány v lidské...
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Principles of ovarian stimulation and oocyte collection in mouse and human.
Klinovská, Karolína ; Svoboda, Petr (referee) ; Hortová, Kateřina (advisor)
This thesis deals with methods of controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval on physiological basis. Mouse has been major model organism for wide range of key researches and being able to stimulate its ovarian functions correctly is necessary. That is why mouse stimulation is main topic of this thesis. It summarizes available data and stimulation protocols in relation to factors which can affect the result as a condition, strain, quality of hormones used in administration and others. Potential affections on oocyte and embryo quality are mention according to specific types of administration protocols. Human infertility is slowly becoming common and one of the techniques used to treat it in assisted reproduction is also ovarian stimulation. In the end of this thesis is a chapter dealing with this commonly used method. It is focused on stimulation for oocyte retrieval, as well as on stimulation of recipient mother in embryotransfer. Differences based on hormones, success in In vitro fertilization programme (IVF) and application frequency are mentioned.
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USB HID Communication
Tylich, Jan ; Šimek, Václav (referee) ; Vašíček, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis deals with a practical realisation of connection development module VDIP1 and education platform FITkit. Implementation of demonstration applications for communicating with USB HID devices connected from module VDIP1. These applications were designed for FITKit, an educational platform, to improve the existing user interface by incorporating keyboard and mouse.
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Software for assuming control over the computer
Kostelník, Jan ; Kouřil, Jiří (referee) ; Polívka, Michal (advisor)
The introduction of this Master’s thesis describes a historical and technological evolution of the terminal application, including its advantages and disadvantages. In the following part, a general description of the services and their understanding are mentioned. The benefits and general advantages of the terminal services are described. For the each type of the terminal service, all the functions, options, exact advantages and disadvantages are described. Consequently, the study of the suitability of the compression is presented. On the demo application, the impact of an excessive (voluntary) loss of information is demonstrated. In the next part, the thesis deals with the most frequently used remote-control applications. The tests and comparisons are made as well. The fifth chapter is the fundamental part of this work. The design approach of the workbench is presented there. Consequently, the design approach and system implementation intended for the supervision and control is described. This system makes the user possible to observe other user’s activities and also to control their workstations. The supervising user can also access their drives and other memory devices, which are located in the monitored workstation. The communication is compressed and encrypted. The symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms are used there. In the following part, there are two supplementary applications mentioned – application for the key generating and network file manager. In the end of my work, the results of the performance test and also the design of other improvements are presented.
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