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Interaction of surface water and groundwater og Luznice River
Slabá, Zdenka ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Datel, Josef (referee)
This thesis is a part of a project run by The Department of Geography, Faculty of Science in Charles University in Prague. This project deals with processes in floodplains of the Lužnice, the Stropnice and the Blanice rivers. The research in the floodplain of the Lužnice started in the year 2008 and is focused on the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The monitored territory it is situated to the south of a locality called Halámky and its area is 0,6 km2. In this thesis mainly the outputs of the research were elaborated. The highlighted points were the interpretation of the groundwater level behaviour, the groundwater streaming orientation in the area and interaction between groundwater and surface water. The outputs of this thesis can be used in the next stages of the project.
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Tidal phenomena in groundwater hydraulics
Ondovčin, Tomáš ; Mls, Jiří (advisor) ; Šembera, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Oldřich (referee)
Manifestations of the tidal force have been known to humanity since an- tiquity. The oldest extant remarks on the origin of the tidal force are in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder. He also left us remarks on periodic changes of water-level in wells. This phenomenon does not necessarily have to be connected to the proximity of seas. As such, it is a subject of research since the end of 19th century. Exploring the mechanisms with which the tidal force affects the groundwater level requires combining the findings of geology and hydrogeology but also the knowledge of hydraulics and geomechanics of porous media and certain understanding of astronomy. This thesis contribu- tes to the knowledge of the mechanism of tidal oscillations in groundwater measured in a borehole near Teplice nad Metují in Police Basin. It utilizes models based on the knowledge of geological and hydrogeological structure of the surroundings of the borehole. It investigates the relation between the physical properties of porous media and the amplitude and phase of the tidal oscillations and presents solutions of the models.
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Bacterial role in silicate mineral alteration in near-neutral pH conditions
Duchoslav, Vojtěch ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Seydlová, Gabriela (referee)
It is well established that bacteria are able to catalyze dissolution of silicate minerals. Bacteria may dissolve silicates for two different purposes. They may use certain elements that can undergo redox transitions as substrates for their energetic metabolism or they can leach nutrients, that are otherwise unaccessible in their habitat. The main mechanisms of bacterially mediated silicate leaching are acidic or basic catalysis and surface complexation. The main nutrients extracted are K, Mg, P and Fe. The only element significantly exploited as substrate for dissimilative energetic metabolism is iron. In order to leach iron as a nutrient, even extremely strong complexants (i.e. siderophores) may be employed. However, only moderate complexing agents can serve to obtain iron as terminal electron acceptor. The second possibility is to reduce iron directly in the crystal grid by means of the conductive nanofibres. The oxidative dissolution of silicates by chemoautotrophs is rare, in contrast to that of sulfides. Bacterial dissolution of silicates leaves morphological and geochemical signatures, but it is still problematic to recognize and interpret them. Although it is well-known that bacteria can dissolve most of the rock-forming minerals in diverse environments we are unable to quantify their contribution...
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Natural groundwater seeps
Hanušová, Martina ; Datel, Josef (advisor) ; Lipanský, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis is built so that all chapters themselves freely followed up. The main pillar of work is first chapter, which deals generally with springs. Next follows typology of springs, which deals with different types of springs according to geology, temperature, and yield. The special part about artesian water follows. Next section deals with karst springs and thermal springs, where I present examples from the Czech Republic. The chapter of thermal springs includes also text about geysers. In the last part the thesis deals with the Mělník area and Mělnická Vrutice. The aim of this study was to document this issue, which appears in the literature. The main result of the thesis is gathering information that appear in the foreign literature only in parts, and almost never in the Czech books and papers.
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Anomalous occurences of arsenic in natural waters in the Czech Republic
Rodovská, Zuzana ; Drahota, Petr (advisor) ; Redlich, Aleš (referee)
This bachelor thesis reviews the data on the distribution of arsenic in surface and underground natural waters of the Czech Republic. In addition the thesis focuses on the occurrence of anomalous arsenic concentrations and tries to detect sources of arsenic contamination. Results of the thesis suggest high quality of the surface and groundwater in the Czech Republic with respect to arsenic. Its anomalous concentrations in the natural waters in Czech Republic have been rarely documented only in areas with strong anthropogenic impact and in areas affected by historical mining operations. Keywords: Arsenic, toxicity, contamination, surface water, groundwater, Czech Republic
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Use of radon in hydrogeology
Malečková, Kateřina ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Vojtěchová, Anna (referee)
Study is focused on possibilities of radon isotope (222 Rn) as a natural as well as artificial tracer. It contains examples of radon use for hydrogeological, or tectonic research, especially for interactions between groundwater and surface water, contaminants free phase delineation and estimation of residence time of water. The used methodology is described as well. Finally, importance of radon is emphasized given its low financial and time costs and low environmental impact.
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Grounwater regime of the Cheb Basin
Walter, Dominik ; Datel, Josef (advisor) ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (referee)
This study summarizes some general findings of geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, structural and other conditions of the Cheb tertiary basin and descrides how these conditions are connected with circulation of graoundwaters and with appearance of mineral waters of different chemical composition and appearance of discharge of dry CO2. The final chapter shows information of changes of groundwater level at specific locations and periods of time by analyzing data gathered from borehole monitoring site of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Measuring of groundwater level was taken every day or every week, also average data of every month were taken. These data show variant changes of groundwater level which can be associated with definite events and this study shows if it is possible to associate some changes of groundwater level with exact events.
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Future groundwater development in the Jifarah Plain, Libya
Elgzeli, Yousef Mohamed ; Krásný, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Matula, Svatopluk (referee)
Libya as many other regions under arid climates suffer from inadequate water resources to cover all the needs of this rapidly developing country. Increasing water amounts for population supply, agricultural irrigation and use for industry are needed. As groundwater is the main water source in the country it represents a natural resource of the highest economic and social importance. Conceptual and numerical models were implemented in a regional scale to show how the natural situation has been changed after heavy groundwater abstraction having occurred in the last decades in the northwestern part of Libya. Results of the numerical model indicated that the current zones of depression in piezometric surface could have been caused by smaller withdrawn amounts than previously estimated. Indicated differences in assessed withdrawn groundwater volumes seem to be quite high and might influence considerably the future possibilities of groundwater use in the study region. 6
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Treated Waste Water Irrigation
Kohut, Rafael ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis deals with the issue of simulation of treated wastewater irrigation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The first part of the thesis is designed as a theoretical research of academic information and knowledge. It aims at introducing the issue of treated wastewater utilization for the purpose of the irrigation. Furthermore it provides basic theoretical information on numeric simulation of the dissolved materials motion and transport in the soil. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the calibration of the simulation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the formation of filtration columns placed in the chosen site of the root zone wastewater plant. Within the filtration columns the automatic irrigation was formed and set off. Measuring of humidity in filtration columns was taking place for 81 days as well as the water sampling after the flow through the soil horizons. On the grounds of the measuring results the calibration of numeric simulation was carried out by the HYDRUS 2D software. The last part of the thesis presents the applications through the extending and alternation of the modelled setting. The main aim of the thesis is to calibrate the model and propose a general solution to advancement at realization of irrigation details when using the treated wastewater for the purpose of irrigation.
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Provision of alternative refuse collection for a real estate surrounded by foreign property
Kvapil, Radek ; Štindl, Michal (referee) ; Klika, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with possible ways of drainage and wastewater disposal. The issue of wastewater discharge to the environment has been closely monitored in recent years, and there is an apparent effort to improve the current situation.The dissertation discusses and compares three selected options – access to improved sanitation, building reservoirs and domestic wastewater treatment plant.The final section is dedicated to a comparison of acquisition and operating costs over time and to subsequent evaluation of the most suitable option. For the sake of clarity and assessment of potential solutions, the locality in the administrative area Vysoké Mýto - Domoradice has been selected as a model. The local authorities have been designing a public storm sewer, and given that it is surrounded by land, this issue will need to be addressed.
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