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Hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer
Pešulová, Andrea ; Kubeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Zapletal, Radek (referee)
As the subject of my bachelor's thesis I have selected hyperthermia as an instrument in the treatment of local advanced or recurrent breast cancer. In separate chapters I describe the anatomy, epidemiology, aetiological factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic screening, and principal characteristics of local advanced or recurrent carcinoma, their TNM classification and therapeutic options. The bulk of my work is devoted to hyperthermia. I describe hyperthermia as an anti-tumour therapeutic modality, which utilizes the warming of tissue to a temperature of 40 - 44 řC. Hyperthermia is deployed locally, partially or generally (whole body). It is combined with other treatment possibilities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. In particular cases of advanced or recurrent tumours, treatment results are much improved by the combined use of hyperthermia with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. I go on to describe the history of hyperthermia, the mechanisms for its effectiveness in terms of tissue and immunology and DNA repair, the technical equipment necessary for its implementation, results of clinical trials, and side-effects. Hyperthermia is deployed in a small number of centres in the Czech Republic, namely Hradec Králové and Prague. In Hradec Králové, ultrasound warming is used, while the Prague centre uses...
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Nursing Care of the Patient with Colorectal Cancer
Pokorná, Petra ; Vytejčková, Renata (advisor) ; Vobořil, René (referee)
Cílem mé bakalářské práce je zpracování případové studie ošetřovatelské péče o nemocného, který byl hospitalizován na chirurgickém oddělení v jedné z pražských nemocnic s diagnózou karcinom recti. V této studii jsem se věnovala 40-ti letému pacientovi, který byl přijat k resekci rektosigmoidea. Pacient souhlasí s tím, že informace o jeho nemoci budou použity při zpracování této práce. V klinické části se věnuji charakteristice onemocnění, anatomii a fyziologii tlustého střeva a rekta. Dále se zabývám patofyziologií nádorů, klinickým obrazem nemoci a základními vyšetřovacími metodami vedoucí k diagnóze kolorektálního karcinomu, prognózou a možnostmi prevence. Dále jsou zde uvedeny základní údaje o pacientovi, údaje z lékařské anamnézy a vyšetření, která byla rozhodující indikací k operačnímu výkonu. Následuje stručný průběh hospitalizace. Ošetřovatelská část zahrnuje stručnou charakteristiku ošetřovatelského procesu, zhodnocení nemocného podle modelu Majory Gordonové, stanovení aktuálních a potencionálních diagnóz, realizaci a hodnocení ošetřovatelské péče. Informace o nemocném jsem zaznamenala do formuláře zpracované pro potřeby výuky v oboru ošetřovatelství na 3. LF UK v Praze a ošetřovatelskou anamnézu jsem zaznamenala do formuláře z nemocnice ÚVN. Ošetřovatelské diagnózy jsem stanovila z analýzy...
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Carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer and cancer associated with inflammatory bowel diseases: theoretical basis and its implications for clinical practice
Bortlík, Martin ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Zavoral, Miroslav (referee) ; Dítě, Petr (referee)
Colorectal cancer originates as a consequence of accumulating genetic changes and sequential conversion from normal epithelium through dysplastic, intraepithelial neoplasia. It is called an adenoma in subjects with sporadic cancer and dysplasia in those with ulcerative colitis. An inactivation of the APC gene in former and p53 gene in the later group was found to be an initial genetic event in most cases. However, in case of sporadic adenoma, some data indicate the possibility that mutation of only one APC allele occurs early at the stage of adenoma, while the loss of the second allele may occur later, at the time of adenoma to carcinoma progression. Epigenetic changes, namely hypermethylation of the gene promoter, play an important role during carcinogenesis of both sporadic and UC related types of neoplasia. Recent epidemiologic studies suggest the relative risk for UC associated colorectal cancer varies between 2-3. Besides risk factors already recognized, i.e. disease extension and duration, and coincidental primary sclerosing cholangitis, the severity of inflammation and presence of structural changes in the bowel substantially affect the risk for neoplastic conversion. Using the current technique, most dysplastic lesions in IBD patients are nowadays detectable endoscopically. Also, their endoscopic...
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Anaesthesiology nursing care of the patient with diagnosis colorectal cancer during surgical procedure
Svobodová, Dagmar ; Zvoníčková, Marie (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
Cílem mé bakalářské práce je zpracování ošetřovatelského procesu během chirurgického výkonu na operačním sále z pohledu anesteziologické sestry. Ve své studii jsem se věnovala 55letému pacientovi s diagnózou karcinom rektosigmatu. Pacient podstoupil plánovaný operační výkon - nízkou přední resekci rekta. Byl hospitalizován na chirurgickém oddělení 11 dní. Nemocného s touto diagnózou a technikou anestezie jsem si vybrala, protože mne tato problematika zajímá. Předoperační polohování, technika kombinované anestezie a vlastní operační výkon dávají prostor pro řešení ošetřovatelských problémů u pacienta na operačním sále. Klinická část zahrnuje základy anatomie a fyziologie tlustého střeva a rekta, charakteristiku nádorového onemocnění rektosigmatu, jeho příčiny a klinické projevy. Dále práce obsahuje vyšetřovací metody, pomocí kterých je toto onemocnění diagnostikováno, možnosti terapie a prevence. Podrobněji se zabývám objektivním vyšetřením nemocného při příjmu a jeho předoperační přípravou, anesteziologickými postupy během operačního výkonu a pooperačním obdobím. Na závěr klinické části se věnuji ukazatelům prognózy u nemocných s karcinomem kolorekta a faktorům, které tuto prognózu ovlivňují. Ošetřovatelská část zahrnuje stručnou charakteristiku ošetřovatelského procesu a ošetřovatelských modelů. Věnuji se...
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Musculoskeletal System Dysfunction in Patients in Long-Term Remission of Wilms Nephroblastoma
Šafářová, Marcela ; Kolář, Pavel (advisor) ; Véle, František (referee) ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (referee)
Musculoskeletal System Dysfunction in Patients in Long-Term Remission of Wilms Nephroblastoma Objective: The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to describe the multidisciplinary program of childhood cancer survivors in their young adult age in an adult-based ambulatory medical setting and to report the latent sequelae of the pathology. The hypothesis is that the treatment with all three modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery) causes the development of the latent effects in varying degrees. The goal of this study was to investigate the typical musculoskeletal system changes of survivors of Wilms Nephroblastoma who had previously received their basic treatment more than 5 years ago. Design: 151 subjects underwent clinical assessment of body posture, postural tests and evaluation on BalanceMaster® force plate. These tests were conducted in conjunction with other clinical evaluations, namely, pulmonary and renal function tests, immunology deficiency and exercise capacity to seek its relationship to the diseases' risk factors. The correlation between postural findings and the above clinical tests were investigated. Subjects: Ambulatory patients with a primary diagnosis of nephroblastoma who have undergone treatment greater than 5 years ago. Settings: Clinics at the University...
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Relationship of breastfeeding and the incidence of breast CA
HALUZOVÁ, Jaroslava
The object of this study was to find out, what the by breast cancer affected women know about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they were breast-feeding and whether they know the risk factors of the forming of this sickness. The further object was to find out which knowledge the puerperas have about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they plan to breast-feed and when, from who and which information they obtain about the breast-feeding. On the basis of dialogues was found out that the women with breast cancer know very little about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. Most of them never obtained information from anybody, only some of them heard or read about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. The relationship between the breast-feeding and cancer occurrence was approved, as only one of the women breast fed for more than a year. There is a minimal knowledge of women about the risk factors. Generally, they showed three risk factors which means that the knowledge is deficient and that the education in field of precaution is necessary. In the second part of the research it was found out that the education about breast-feeding is insufficient in the maternity hospital. The hospital nurses provide information about the breast-feeding technique and the care about breasts only. The women obtained information about the protective effect of the breast-feeding at the antenatal courses, some of them from web sites or print media. The puerperas plan to breast-feed for 11.5 months on an average which shows a very positive attitude to the breast-feeding of the children.
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Cost Analysis of the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Plánka, Martin ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mlčák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with prostate cancer, contains informations about this affection and in the practical part I deal with costs, which are used on treatment for prostate cancer. The theoretical part presents prostate cancer, its symptoms, risky factors and diagnostic. Furthermore introduces treatment methodes of prostate cancer, its classifying and insertion to stages. In the theoretical part are calculated costs on the individual modalities of prostate cancer treatment. These costs are compared with datas received from Hospital in Jihlava during the treatment of this affection. In the end sumarise costs of this treatment and analyse propriety of punctual screening of illness.
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