|
The economy of the village Bilíchov
Šána, Ladislav ; Benešová, Irena (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
Evaluation of municipal finances is an important factor for the development of the region. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the financial management of the Bílichov municipality from 2004 to 2015. The text is methodically based on a comparison, a compilation, an analysis and a synthesis of secondary data and a further analysis of incomes and an expenditure analysis of the municipality. The input data have been taken from the balance sheet and the municipal budget. The indicators are monitored by using elementary charateristics of time series. The linear and exponencial function is calculated on the basis of polygons after that. It is possible to say, based on the carrieed out the research, the leadership of the municipality handled their money sources efficiently for the benefit of the village.
|
|
Comparison of nutritional values of different edible insect species
Maňhal, Daniel ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Kulma, Martin (referee)
The worlds limited agricultural resources will soon no longer be able to continue to support its ever growing population. One way to alleviate this problem is to integrate insects into the human diet, which is an increasingly common practice in Asia, Africa and South America. This practice has proven to be beneficial in a number of ways. Insects have better feed-conversion efficiency, transforming organic matter into larger amount of edible body mass than traditional livestock. Comparing to the livestock, insects have much smaller ecological impact on the environment. On the other hand, allergic reactions to toxins produced by some insects represent a potential risk of entomophagy. Nutritional values of insects depend on many factors, such as type of insect, its developmental stage, sex, and consumed feed. Generally, insects are a rich source of nutrients comparable to or even higher than traditional sources of meat.
Nutritional values of farm raised field crickets (Gryllus assimilis), originating from the Czech Republic, were analyzed in the experimental section of this thesis. Specifically, contents of dry matter, crude protein, fat and fatty acid profile were the main focus. The dry matter content was determined using an infrared technique. The crude protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl method. The Soxhlet method was applied for fat extraction. Extracted fat was determined gravimetric. Using gas chromatography, a lipid profile was obtained. Measured values were compared to those found in the literature. Emphasis was put on the comparison with other types of potentially edible insects and on the nutritional values of wild and farmed insects. Finally, these nutritional values were compared to the corresponding nutritional values of conventional meat to illustrate the benefits of entomophagy.
The analyzes showed that insect originating from the Czech Republic had very similar qualitative composition to species from different geographical regions and its nutritional value is fully competitive with conventional meat.
|
|
Mapping of non-productive habitats in reclaimed post-mining landscape in Most and Chabařovice area
Ledvina, Vilém ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The objective of thesis is to identify and map a non-productive habitats on areas after coal mining. The first part describes the reasons and ways of reclamation in areas after surface mining. Current knowledge and requirements for landscape protection during reclamation are presented in a literature review, and it shows the importance of these habitats. The monitored location are mines, dumps and areas affected by mining in the area of the Most and Chabařovice in the Ústecký Region in Czech Republic. Mapping has been done using the orthophoto map and field survey. Based on information from mapping the current status and composition of non-productive habitats on the monitored locations have been evaluated. The results are presented in the summary tables for each type of reclamation in monitored location.
Following percentage representation of non-productive habitats in four locations has been found: location A (2.39%); location B (12.64%); location C (6.27%); location D (4.78%). The results show that the representation of these habitats is on low level compare to recommended representation resulting from current knowledge about nature conservation.
Based on the results of the mapping measures have been proposed for optimal percentage representation of these habitats. The main measures include the building of landscape vegetation on large fields and increasing area of forest arising spontaneously in forestry reclamations. It is also appropriate to create non-productive forest habitats in large forest areas with absence of treeless or small forest meadow. The map outputs and thesis findings can serve as data for the protection of nature and landscape in the monitored location. Work can also serve as information source about the issue of reclamation and priorities to protect the environment during their realization.
|
|
The health condition of trees in natural monument Modřanská rokle
Merkl, Tomáš ; Čížková, Dana (advisor) ; Pešková, Vítězslava (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring of the health condition of natural monuments Modřanská rokle. The aim of this study was mapping and evaluation of biotic and abiotic factors that influence the growth of local species. Subsequent to their description and evaluation with regard to on what tree species occurred. To what extent they also threaten of the woods in favorite place for walks and sports of Praguers.
The research was conducted by repeated terrain errands during which those individuals were monitored which had external signs of damage. During survey were taken the photographs. Checking of the trees was carried out in the line transects along the creek Libušský. Followed by consultations and evaluation of collected materials and summarized in the conclusion. The field investigations were carried out from March 2015 until the end of February 2016.
Harmful factors were identified and described according to photographs taken with the help of literature and Internet sources.
|
|
Impacts of anthropogenic pollution of cadmium on the environment
Sedláková, Michaela ; Francová, Anna (advisor) ; Hudcová, Barbora (referee)
The goal of this work is to describe how cadmium behaves in our environment and how much the environment is polluted by it. To illustrate this issue we used primarily specialized literature, articles and the annual reports of institutions investigating environmental pollution. On the basis of the information ascertained it is possible to pronounce that the pollution caused by cadmium has decreased in Europe in the last few years, but still there exist contaminated areas on which it is necessary to focus and find effective methods to remove the pollution. Otherwise the research should concentrate on contamination of the soil by sediments from sewage treatment plants and by phosphate fertilizers which are not only the source of cadmium, but also the source of other heavy metals.
|
|
Ecological aspects of the energy use of wood chips
Ručová, Karolína ; Štícha, Václav (advisor) ; Jankovský, Martin (referee)
Currently, the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) is much higher than before. Among the most important RES we rank biomass, which consists of more than half of produced energy from renewable sources. Using biomass increases the utilization of wood fuels and greater emphasis is placed on their processing requirements. The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological parameters that affect the use of wood chips for energy purposes, based on a comparison of existing norms and standards. The first part is focused on theoretical use of wood waste and subsequent utilization of therefrom made fuel. Subsequently there is evaluated the use of fuel for energy purposes in practice. The work also includes examining factors (calorific value, humidity, etc.) affecting the quality of biofuels in different seasons. The contribution of this work is to document the flow of wood waste, proving the benefits of recycling wood waste and recommendation for action in the future.
|
|
Oribatida as intermediates host of tapeworms
Farkašová, Lucie ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Burešová, Eva (referee)
This Bachelor thesis "Oribatida as intermediates host of tapeworms" is focused on the presence of tapeworm and other helminths occurring mainly in sheep and goats, monitoring prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection as well as significance of these endoparasites livestock for humans. These parasites pose a problem for people worldwide, mainly an economic terms. There are described the most common family of Anoplocephalidae tapeworm that are the most common parasites of reptiles, birds and mammals. Adult tapeworms are found only in the small intestine of the definitive host. This family of parasites is a species-rich group with cosmopolitan occurrence. These tapeworms are still a significant group for veterinary parasitology, because they cause many health problems for their hosts. The best known of this family is a sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa). The only tapeworm family Anoplocephalidae occurring humans are two kinds: Bertiella studeri and Bertiella mucronata, each with a different geographic distribution. Bertiella mucronata is found in South America and Cuba, Bertiella studeri occurs in Africa and Asia.
Tapeworms have allways two hosts: one intermediate host and a final host. As intermediate hosts there are mites of order oribatida (Oribatida) but bark lice (Psocoptera) or springtails (Collembola) can not be excluded aswell. The infection occurs by ingesting intermediate host infected by cysticercoidy. In order to reduce the prevalence of these parasites is necessary to conduct regular worming by using anthelmintics or plant extracts and regular removaling of excrements which are a source of eggs for the infectious intermediate host, in this case oribatid. In oribatida arises cystycercoid, which is infective for the definitive host (sheep). To eliminate tapeworms genus Moniezia of sheep (goat), it is necessary to eliminate these intermediate hosts. Which is a big problem.
|
|
Se-Metabolism inside the mammalian organism fed Se-supplemented Brassica napus forage
Žíla, Ondřej ; Čadková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine whether the individual Se-speciation in the mammalian organism are affected by the form of received selenium. Selenium is an essential micronutrient important for humans and animals. It plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the organism and in the conversion of thyroid hormones. In our experiment the laboratory Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Each group had a different diet. The rats were fed with selenium in the form of soy, sodium selenite and extracted rapeseed meal. Urine samples were regularly collected during the four-week experiment and in the end of the feeding study, the blood serum was also collected. The total selenium content was measured by ICP-MS, while the individual Se-speciation in urine and serum by HPLC coupled with ICP-MS. In the urine the identified speciation were methylselenocystein (MeSeCys), trimethylselenium (TMSe) and selenosugar 1 and 3. In the blood serum the measured speciation were TMSe, selenite, selenate and selenosugar 1. For the group fed with sodium selenite the measured values in the urine were generally higher, this might be due to a higher overall intake and also an inorganic form of selenium with a lower absorbency. Groups that received selenium from plant sources took in several Se-compounds and the total measured content of Se-speciation and secretion dynamics were not significantly different. Additionally speciation of selenosugar 2 was measured for the group fed with rapeseed meals, which in the other groups did not appear. When receiving selenium from plant sources the biotransformation in the mammalian organism differs in comparison to receiving selenium from mineral salts. The initial hypothesis that Se-speciation is influenced by the form of selenium administered in the diet was confirm by our results. Since the group fed rapeseed showed similar results as the group fed a standard feed with soy, the extracted rapeseed meal could serve as a good source in livestock nutrition.
|
|
Comparison of haematological parameters selected groups of reptiles
Jenčík, Filip ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Koleška, Daniel (referee)
The thesis focuses on the comparison of selected groups of reptiles with respect to the composition of blood. The first part of the thesis analyses selected available reference works from the current perspective of understanding in both domestic and international sources. A great deal of attention is paid to the procedure of collection of blood samples, preparation of blood cell films and their analysis.
The thesis also comprises voluminous information on qualitative and quantitative aspects of haematology of lizards, turtles and snakes. The issue of differences in haemogram of selected group of reptiles is tackled taking into consideration the facts influencing the haemogram of the reptiles, such as the age and size of reptiles, seasonal changes, hibernation, the impact of the environment, nutrition as well as the method of breeding in - captivity or free range.
The second part of the work concentrates on the collection of blood samples, preparation of blood cell films, identification of blood elements of green iguana Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758), red-eared slider Trachemys scripta (Thunberg et Schoepff, 1792) and red-tailed boa Boa constrictor (Linnaeus, 1758). The samples collected from these creatures were analysed as for representation of blood components (erythrocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, leucocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, azurocytes, eosinophils, basophiles) and the measured values were compared against the published irreferential values and within the group of these creatures.
Having analysed the blood cell films we have arrived at the conclusion that the morphological features of blood cells of the examined reptiles were identical with the parameters set out in the literature. Morphology of the blood cells of the monitored reptiles varies. Our results indicate that blood count as well as differential blood count of the examined creatures fits in the limits of the published referential works. The examined samples confirm the differences in numbers of individual types of blood cells of lizards, turtles and snakes. In summary it would be desirable to examine a larger number of creatures in order to obtain the optimal number of results.
|
|
The influence of added oil on back fat fatty acid composition
Zajíček, Štěpán ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Naděžda, Naděžda (referee)
Pork represents the largest volume of meat production in terms of the global market. In the Czech Republic accounted for over 50 % of total meat consumption. Pork is often cited as a food with a high level of fat and unfavorable balance of fatty acids. Intake of dietary fats should contain saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in a ratio of <1 : 1,4 : >0,6. The PUFA/SFA ratio should be higher than 0,4 and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio should be 5 : 1. To increase awareness of the importance of food to human health has recently been an effort to find ways to produce healthier meat, i.e. with a higher proportion of PUFA to SFA and better ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFA. Pork quality in terms of its composition of fatty acids is currently not very favorable. Fatty acid profile
in animal fats can affect by the fat contained in food and change the composition of fatty acids in the fat of pigs through the nutrition.
The diploma thesis describes the fats, their importance in human nutrition, a group of fatty acids found in fats, their sources and factors influencing the content and fatty acid profile in muscle and adipose tissue of animals.
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of additions of rapeseed and soybean oil, as a major source of unsaturated fatty acids, in pig fattening on the quality and composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) in the pork loin (MLLT). It was also evaluated the effect of the addition of these oils on selected parameters of fattening capacity and carcass value. For a more objective evaluation of the suitability of fat was calculated atherogenic and thrombogenic index.
The experiment was included 32 pieces of slaughter pigs for in the final hybrid combinations DanBred. Pigs were throughout the fattening fed ad libitum complete feed mixtures and depending on the feeding divided into three groups, i.e. control group without the addition of oil and an experimental group containing 4% of rapeseed oil and an experimental group with the addition of 4% soybean oil.
The results show that the group with the addition of soybean oil exhibited simultaneously with the lowest daily intake of feed the best feed conversion. The addition of rapeseed and soybean oil had no significant effect on the physical parameters of the pork loin and backfat. So, technological quality of backfat has not been influenced. Amount of IMF not influenced by any of the oils. However, fatty acid composition in IMF has been influenced, both of oils.
Although, SFA has not been influenced neither one of the oil, content of the most represented SFA, palmitic acid, was significantly reduced in the soy diet. Significantly lowest content of MUFA showed group with soybean oil, which was due to a significant reduction of the most represented acid, oleic acid. Treatment with the addition of both oils were significantly increased PUFA and n-3 PUFA. The PUFA/SFA ratio was also increased, the most by soybean oil. The ratio of n-6 / n-3 PUFA was significantly reduced by the rapeseed oil. Content of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid was significantly increased as rapeseed and soybean oil. Soybean oil increased content of alpha-linolenic acid significantly more than rapeseed, which against significantly increased linoleic acid.
Thrombogenic index was significantly reduced by rapeseed and soybean oil, atherogenic index only by soybean.
|
guest ::
